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Columbia  ®ntoersttpx^ 
fa  tfje  City  of  Jleto  govk 

COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS 
AND   SURGEONS 


Reference  Library 

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CONSTITUTION,    BY-LAWS, 
OFFICERS  and  LIST  of  MEMBERS 
of  the  SOCIETY  of  ALUMNI  of 
^BELLEVUE    HOSPITAL 


1913 


NEW    YORK 


3nbex 

Frontispiece  "Bellevue  as  Proposed" 3 

Officers  and  Standing  Committees  for  1913 4 

Officers  and  Standing  Committees  for  1914-15 5 

Bellevue  Chronicles 6 

President's  Inaugural  Address 18 

Obituary: 

J.  O.  Pingry,  J.  E.  Allen,  E.  S.  Bogert 33 

I.  W.  Condict,  M.  Thomson,  W.  S.  Cheesman 34 

H.  J.  Owen,  J.  C.  Young,  F.  Hartley 35 

R.  L.  Brodie,  C.  McBurney 36 

C.    Phelps 37 

Death   Roll 38 

Programs 45 

Prize    Essay 51 

Constitution  and  By-Laws 69 

Roster : 

Resident  Active  Members 87 

Non-Resident  Active  Members ( 99 

Emeritus  Members 104 

Permanent  Associate  Members 105 

Non-Resident  Permanent  Associate  Members 105 

Honorary  Members 105 

Associate   Members ; 106 

Statistics    107 

Officers : 

Presidents    108 

Vice-Presidents   109 

Secretaries  110 

Treasurers    110 

Historian   110 

Founders   Ill 


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in  2010  with  funding  from 

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Officers  and  #tanoing  Committees 

For  1913 

»u»        i    J       -  -  ■ 

^restoent 

Henry  Mann  Silver 

#ice=$resibcnt 

George  David  Stewart 

Secretary 

Hugh  B.  Blackwell 
148  West  58th  Street 

treasurer 

Robert  Justice  Wilson 
549  Riverside  Drive 

Historian 

Robert  James  Carlisle 

Committee  on  Science 

Henry  Mann  Silver,  Chairman,  ex.  of. 
H.  Seymour  Houghton 

Floyd  Milford  Crandall 

Committee  on  entertainment 

George  David  Stewart,  Chairman,  ex.  of. 
61  West  50th  Street 

Bruce  G.  Phillips 

Albert  E.  Sellenings 

Committee  on  J^eto  Jfflembers 

Chester  F.  S.  Whitney,  Chairman 

256  West  97th  Street 
Claude  A.  Frink 

Mills  Sturtevant 

William  E.  Caldwell 

Clarence  P.  Oberndore 


Officers  ano  branding  Committees! 

For  1914-1915 

•President 

George  David  Stewart 

^ice=iPresiibent 

James  S.  Waterman 

ibecretarp 

Hugh  Burke  Blackwell 

148  West  58th  Street 

^Treasurer 

Robert  Justice  Wilson 

549  Riverside  Drive 

Historian 

Robert  James  Carlisle 

Committee  on  Science 

S.  D.  Stewart,  Bx-Officio 

H.  M.  Silver 

H.  S.  Houghton 

Committee  on  entertainment 

J.  S.  Waterman,  Ex-Officio 

Bruce  G.  Philipps 

Albert  E.  Sellenings 

Committee  on  JSeto  iflemoeri 

C.  F.  S.  Whitney,  Chairman 
Mills  Sturtevant 

Hubert  V.  Guile 

W.  E.  Caldwell 

Mark  Fleming 


Pellebue  Cfjnmicleg 


BELLEVUE 
CHRONICLES 

1714  March  24.  The  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  New  York 
appointed  a  "Committee  to  Consult  with  the  Mayor  about 
the  building  of  A  poor  house  and  house  of  Correction  in 
this  City  and  that  they  Consider  of  A  Convenient  place  to 
Erect  the  same,  of  the  Demensions  and  Materials  and  of 
ways  &  Means  for  Raising  A  fund  for  the  Compleat- 
ing  thereof  &  make  Report  thereof  to  the  Next  Common 
Council." 

(Nothing  further  is  to  be  found  in  the  minutes  regarding 
this  till  twenty  years  after.) 

1734  "Att  A  Common  Council  held  at  the  City  Hall  of  the  Said 
City  on  friday  the  twentieth  day  of  December  Anno  Dom 
1734. 

Whereas  the  Nessessity,  Number  and  Continual  In- 
crease of  the  Poor  within  this  City  is  very  great  and  Ex- 
ceeding burthensome  of  the  Inhabitants  thereof  for  want 
of  a  Workhouse  and  House  of  Correction  and 

Whereas  there  is  not  yet  any  Provision  made  for  the 
Relief  and  setting  on  Work  of  Poor  Needy  Persons  and 
Idle  Wandring  Vagabonds,  Sturdy  Beggars  and  Others,  who 
frequently  Committ  divers  misdemeanors  within  the  Said 
City,  who  living  Idly  and  unimployed,  become  debauched  and 
Instructed  in  the  Practice  of  Thievery  and  Debauchery  for 
Remedy  whereof,  it  is  unanimously  Agreed  by  this  Court 
and  Resolved  that  there  be  forthwith  built,  Erected  and 
Made  at  the  Charge  of  this  Corporation  A  good,  Strong 
and  Convenient  House  and  Tenement,  upon  part  of  the 
unimproved  Lands  of  this  Corporation,"  (near  the  site  of 
the  present  City  Hall,  "And  that  ***** 
be  a  Committee  to  lay  out  a  Convenient  piece  of  Land 
there,  for  that  use,  large  Enough  to  Erect  Additional 
Buildings  thereupon,  for  Workhouse  and  Other  Conven- 
iencys,  if  Occasion  Require,  and  for  Needful  Yardroom 
and  Garden ;  and  Cause  the  Surveyors  of  this  City  to  make 
a  Draft  therof.  That  the  House  and  Tenement  to  be 
built  thereupon  be  of  the  Demensions  following  (Vizt.) 
fifty  Six  foot  long,  twenty  four  foot  wide  from  Outside 
to  Outside,  two  Stories  high,  with  A  good  Cellar,  all  of 
Stone  and  the  Same  to  be  divided  into  Such  and  so  many 
Rooms  as  the  Said  Committee  shall  direct.    And  that  the 


pellcfaue  Chronicles 


said  Committee  in  the  Name  and  for  the  use  of  this  Cor- 
poration, do  Agree  and  contract  for  Timber,  Stone  and 
Other  Materialls,  and  Workmen  and  Labourers  for  the 
Speedy  Carrying  on  of  the  Said  Building  assoon  as  the 
season  of  the  year  will  permitt  which  said  Building  shall  be 
Called  the  Publick  Workhouse  and  House  of  Correction  of 
the  Said  City,  and  Imployed  and  Appropriated  for  that 
use;  and  that  the  same  Committee  do  make  their  Report 
of  this  Court  of  their  proceedings  therein  with  all  Con- 
venient Expedition." 

1736  March  31.  The  building  being  now  ready  for  occupancy 
the  committee  in  charge  recommended  "That  for  the  fur- 
ther rendring  the  said  House  of  Correction  Workhouse 
and  poorhouse  serviceable  and  usefull  for  the  purposes 
thereby  Intended,  We  have  Consulted  with  several  persons 
of  Knowledge  and  Judgment  touching  this  Affair,  have 
maturely  considered  the  Matter  and  Informed  ourselves 
(as  much  as  in  Us  lyes)  of  what  other  things  may  be 
needfull  and  necessary  to  be  done  herein  and  do  further 
Report  as  our  Opinion,  that  the  Keeper  be  called  the  Keep- 
er of  the  House  of  Correction  and  Master  of  the  Work- 
house and  poorhouse."  ******* 
Moreover  We  report  it  as  our  opinion,  that  the  upper 
Room  at  the  West  End  of  the  said  House  be  suitably 
furnished  for  an  Infirmary  and  for  no  other  Use  whatso- 
ever :" 

(In  this  room  and  at  this  time  Belle vue  Hospital  had  its 
beginning.  Doctor  John  Van  Beuren,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Leyden,  had  charge  of  the  sick  in  the  in- 
firmary at  an  annual  salary  of  £100.     He  served  till  1755.) 

1739  May  15.  A  Committee  was  ordered  "to  make  an  additional 
Building  at  the  Poorhouse  of  this  City  for  A  Receptacle 
and  Conveniency  of  Such  unhappy  Poor  as  are  or  shall 
be  Visited  with  any  Malignant  or  Obnoxious  disease,  in 
such  manner  as  they  shall  see  most  Needfull  and  Conven- 
ient for  the  purposes  Aforesaid." 

1753  A  gay  poorhouse — October:  arrival  of  "His  Excellency  Sr 
Danvers  Osborn  Baronet  Capt  General  and  Governour  in 
Chief  of  the  Province  of  New  York  and  the  Territories 
thereon  Depending  in  America  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the 
same." 

A  committee  was  ordered  to  "Invite  the  Councill,  Such 
members  of  the  Assembly  as  shall  be  in  Town,  the  Capt. 


Pelletoue  Chronicles! 


of  the  Mann  of  Warr  with  Such  Gentlemen  as  Came  over 
with  him,"  etc.,  etc.,  "to  Dine  with  his  Excellency  Sir 
Danvers  Osborn  Baronet  to-morrow  (October  10  at  the 
house  of  George  Burns  near  the  Long  Bridge  in  this  City, 
and  that  the  said  Committee  Do  forthwith  Give  orders  for 
preparing  the  said  Dinner  Agreable  to  the  Occasion,  also 
Ordered  that  the  said  Committee  Cause  a  Bonfire  to  be 
made  in  the  Commons  Near  the  Work  house  and  Procure 
three  Dozen  of  Wine  to  be  sent  to  the  said  fire,  that  the 
City  Hall,  the  Alms  house  and  the  fferry  house  be  Illu- 
minated, that  half  a  Barrell  of  Cannon  powder  be  provided 
by  the  said  Committee  to  Discharge  Some  Cannon  that 
Lay  in  the  Commons,  near  the  Bonfire,  and  that  the  Ex- 
pence  of  all  which  be  paid  by  this  Corporation." 

1755  Doctor  Van  Beuren  was  succeeded  by  his  youngest  son 
Beekman  Van  Beuren. 

1766  A  new  building  was  added  as  an  enlargement  of  the  poor- 
house. 

1776  The  inmates  were  transferred  to  Poughkeepsie  where  they 
remained  until  after  the  peace  of  1783.  After  the  great 
fire  of  September  21st  about  300  destitute  were  received 
into  the  almshouse. 

1783  Several  outbuildings  were  added  to  accomodate  the  poor 
together  with  those  returned  from  up  the  river. 

1785  A  census  taken  on  November  14,  showed  a  total  of  301 
inmates. 

1794  The  Belle  Vue  place  of  about  5  acres  on  the  East  River 
"opposite  the  three  mile  stone"  belonging  to  Mr.  Brock- 
hoist  Livingston  was  purchased  for  use  as  a  quarantine 
hospital  for  yellow  fever  cases. 

The  Legislature  granted  authority  to  the  Common  Council 
to  raise  £10,000  by  means  of  a  public  lottery  in  order  to 
procure  funds  to  build  a  new  almshouse. 

1795  Belle  Vue  place  used  as  a  pest  house  in  charge  of  Dr. 
John  McFarlane  acting  under  the  authority  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Health. 

1796  A  new  Workhouse  and  Almshouse  opened  on  the  north 
side  of  Chamber  Street  with  622  inmates.  It  was  three 
stories  high  260  x  44  feet  with  projections  15  x  30  feet. 


Pellebue  Chronicles 


1797  Old  poorhouse  demolished.  (The  present  City  Hall  was 
built  on  its  site  in  1811.) 

1798  Belle  Vue  again  used  as  a  fever  hospital  under  Dr.  Isaac 
S.  Douglass  who,  after  his  experience  here,  declared  it 
as  his  opinion  that  yellow  fever  is  a  non-contagious  dis- 
ease. In  six  months  389  patients  were  cared  for ;  there 
were  16  nurses. 

Board  of  Almshouse  Commissioners  supersedes  the 
Mayor,  Recorder  and  Committee  of  the  Common  Council. 

1801  Dr.  William  Mcintosh  began  a  service  of  five  years  as 
"physician,  surgeon,  accoucheur  and  apothecary." 

1804  Lectures  on  the  obstetric  art  were  given  in  the  lying-in 
ward  of  the  Almshouse  to  women  exclusively. 

1809  Census  of  the  infirmary:    166  patients  and  22  nurses. 

1810  Two  residents  physicians  in  charge. 

1811  Negotiations  looking  toward  a  site  for  a  new  and  still 
larger  Workhouse  and  Almshouse  culminated  in  the  pur- 
chase of  part  of  the  Kip's  Bay  Farm  consisting  of  a  little 
over  6  acres  adjoining  on  the  north  the  Belle  Vue  Hospital 
place,  for  $22,494.50. 

Corner  stone  laid  by  Mayor  De  Witt  Clinton  on  July 
29.  It  lies  on  the  south-east  corner  of  the  chapel.  The 
architect  was  Alderman  William  Hoghland. 

1814  An  additional  purchase  was  made  on  the  north  boundary 
of  the  new  plot  for  $3,000. 

1816  New  buildings  completed  and  opened  on  April  29,  at 
noon ;  the  chaplain,  the  Rev.  John  Stanford,  officiating. 

The  hospital  was  housed  in  two  brick  buildings,  75  by 
25  feet ;  one  was  used  for  male  and  one  for  female  patients. 
These  buildings  were  situated,  one  on  the  south  side  of 
28th  Street  and  the  other  on  the  north  side  of  26th  Street 
just  west  of  First  Avenue,  with  the  Workhouse  and  the 
penitentiary  buildings  between  them ;  the  main  building 
just  east  of  the  Avenue  being  the  Almshouse  proper.  The 
old  building  in  Chambers  Street  was  rented  to  Scudder's 
Museum. 


io  JieUebue  Chronicles* 


1817  Census  showed  over  200  patients  in  hospital.  Staff  re- 
organized :  two  visiting  physicians  and  surgeons  and  two 
internes  appointed. 

1818  Additional  purchase  made  of  part  of  the  Rose  Hill  Farm  for 
$1000  so  that  the  plot  extended  from  Second  Avenue  to 
the  river  and  from  28th  Street  to  26th  Street.  It  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  stone  wall  10  feet  high.  Total  cost  complete, 
$422,109.56. 

First  epidemic  of  typhus  fever  in  the  Bellevue  Establish- 
ment. 

1819  New  fever  hospital  at  Hallett's  Point  placed  in  charge  of 
the  Belle  Vue  physicians  who  also  assert  their  belief  in 
the  non-contagiousness  of  yellow  fever. 

1823  Purchase  of  still  another  part  of  the  Rose  Hill  Farm  at  foot 
of  23rd  Street  for  $2,500  upon  which  to  build  a  fever  hospi- 
tal. 

1825  Doctor  Belden  of  the  house  staff  died  in  the  hospital  of 
typhus  fever  which  prevailed  in  epidemic  form.  There 
were  14  cases  among  the  officials  with  5  or  6  deaths.  Open- 
ing of  the  new  building.  It  was  situated  on  an  elevation 
on  the  river  front ;  was  of  stone,  four  stories  high,  180  x 
50  feet.  The  insane  were  placed  in  the  two  lower  floors 
and  the  infectious  fever  cases  in  the  fourth  floor. 

The  infirmary  was  removed  from  the  two  brick  pavilions 
to  the  south  end  of  the  Workhouse  building,  and  the 
pavilions  were  given  over  to  children  and  nurses. 

A  committee  of  medical  men,  appointed  by  the  Common 
Council,  advised  that  the  hospital  be  separated  from  the 
rest  of  the  establishment. 

Staff  was  reorganized.  Resident  physician  appointed  in 
place  of  the  Visiting,  he  was  assisted  by  two  internes. 

1827  Hospital  census,  233  patients.    Typhus  fever  rife. 

1828  Blackwell's  Island  was  purchased  for  $32,000  and  a  new 
penitentiary  begun. 

1832  Asiatic  cholera  first  appeared.  There  were  2,000  cases 
with  600  deaths  in  Bellevue. 

1834    Asiatic  cholera  again  rampant. 

1836  The  male  prisoners  were  transferred  to  the  new  peniten- 
tiary on  Blackwell's  Island. 


PeUetme  Cfcronieles;  n 


1837  An    amphitheatre    for    clinical    lectures    was     suggested. 
Hospital  census,  265  patients. 

1838  The  female  prisoners  were  removed  to  the  Tombs  prison 
which  had  just  been  completed. 


1839 


The  insane  were  transferred  to  the  new  asylum  on  Black- 
well's  Island,  leaving  only  the  almshouse  still  at  Bellevue. 


1843  The  resident  physician's  salary  was  $1500;  the  nurse  re- 
ceiving $100,  the  chaplain,  $600. 

In  the  nine  months  ending  in  April  there  were  1584 
discharges  and  364  deaths,  342  patients  remaining;  there 
were  109  maternity  cases  and  11  cases  of  puerperal  fever. 

1845  Sale  by  auction  of  about  12  acres  of  the  grounds  and 
Bellevue  was  thereby  restricted  to  the  ground  between  26th 
and  28th  Streets  east  of  First  Avenue. 

1846  Typhus  fever  became  epidemic  and  caused  another  death 
on  the  staff — Lawrence. 

Census  of  500  patients. 

Six  assistant  physicians  served  each  for  one  year  on  a 
rotation  of  services  of  two  months — viz.,  1st,  Phthisis  and 
Chronic  cases ;  2d,  Ulcers ;  3d,  Lying-in ;  4th,  Penitentiary 
and  Small  Pox  (on  the  Island)  ;  5th,  Acute  Diseases ; 
6th,  Surgical  Cases. 

1847  Typhus  fever  again  prevailed  causing  two  deaths  on  the 
staff:  Porter  and  Van  Buren.  The  Resident  estimated 
that  there  had  been  1995  fever  cases  in  7  months  with  347 
deaths.  Several  doctors  volunteered  to  live  in  the  hospital 
and  did  so. 

Hospital  census,  309  patients. 

1848  Six  deaths  on  the  staff  from  typhus :  Beals,  Blakeman, 
Cahoon,  Hedges,  Green,  Seligman. 

Almshouse  building  at  last  vacated  and  the  inmates  re- 
moved to  the  island.  The  hospital  was  then  transferred 
to  the  main  building. 

1849  Death  of  Worth  of  the  house  staff  from  typhus  fever. 

Board  of  ten  Governors  of  the  Almshouse  Department, 
chosen  at  general  election,  supersedes  the  Commissioner. 


i2  pellebue  Cfjromcleg 


Medical  Board  of  Consulting  and  Visiting  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  appointed. 

The  first  amphitheatre  arranged  and  on  Friday,  March  2, 
at  1  p.  m.  it  was  opened  with  an  address  by  the  Resident 
Physician ;  a  clinical  lecture  was  given  by  Doctor  William 
H.  Van  Buren  and  the  operation  of  lithotomy  performed. 

The  office  of  Resident  Physician  was  abolished. 

First  competitive  examination  for  appointments  on  the 
House  Staff  took  place  in  December :  three  medical  and 
two  surgical  divisions  were  established. 

Total  number  of  cases  treated,  3711;  total  deaths,  483. 

1851  Deaths  of  Gridley  and  Ravenhill  of  the  house  staff  from 
typhus  fever. 

Typhus  fever,  cholera,  puerperal  fever  and  erysipelas 
were  prevalent  from  1851  to  1854. 

1852  A  regular  diploma  was  first  issued  to  members  of  the  house 
staff  in  October  of  this  year;  from  April  1850  till  this  date 
a  certificate  of  service  was  given. 

Total  deaths  from  typhus  fever,  122 — over  19%  of  the 

total  mortality. 

1855  Hospital  greatly  over  crowded,  patients  placed  in  the 
garrets,  in  the  basement  and  even  in  a  room  over  the  cook 
house. 

The  north  wing  along  28th  Street  built  to  height  of  four 
stories  at  a  cost  of  $60,000.    It  was  opened  April  23. 

Deaths  from  puerperal  fever  averaged  10  a  year  for  the 
past  six  years — the  deliveries  averaged  210. 

The  almshouse  building  in  Chambers  Street  was  destroy- 
ed by  fire. 

1856  A  fourth  story  was  added  to  the  main  building  and  a  new 
amphitheatre  built  to  accomodate  600. 

The  Fourth  Medical  Division  was  organized. 
A   certificate   of  attendance   was   issued  to   students  by 
the  Medical  Board. 

1857  Completion  of  a  new  Pathological  building  and  the  Wood's 
Pathological  Museum. 

A  course  of  clinical  lectures  inaugurated. 

1859    The  Third  Surgical  Division  was  established. 


JitUebue  Cftrontcle*  13 


1860  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Public  Charities  and  Correct- 
ion supersedes  the  Governors. 

Death  of  Richards  of  the  house  staff  from  typhlitis. 

1861  Typhus  fever  epidemic 

The  Medical  College  incorporated  and  the  building  erected 
in  the  hospital  inclosure. 

1863  Deaths  of  three  of  the  house  staff  from  typhus  fever :  Cook, 
King  and  Olmsted. 

Certificate  to  students  discontinued. 

Opening  of  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  the  Out-Door  Poor 
in  ground  floor  of  the  college  building. 

1864  Three  more  deaths  from  typhus  fever  on  the  house  staff: 
Rowe,  Devlin  and  Dewey.  In  the  two  years  there  were 
14  cases  out  of  21  members  with  6  deaths. 

1866  Death  of  Zabriskie  from  typhus  and  of  Pell  from  Asiatic 
cholera. 

Reorganization  of  the  Island  Services ;  the  Island  Hos- 
pital named  the  Charity  Hospital  and  placed  under  a  sepa- 
rate medical  board. 

Fourth  Medical  Division  discontinued. 

1869  The  first  city  ambulance  service  in  the  world  organized  at 
Bellevue  in  June  by  Col.  E.  B.  Dalton  of  the  staff  of  1859. 

Relapsing  fever  appeared :  six  members  of  staff  became 
sick;  all  recovered. 

1870  Pavilion  opened  for  compound  fracture  cases  to  segregate 
them  from  cases  of  suppuration  and  erysipelas. 

Puerperal  fever  severe  with  33  deaths  from  this  disease. 
In  this  year  there  were  598  births. 

1871  New  amphitheatre  built. 

1872  Committee  of  Medical  Board  formed  to  consider  the  pre- 
valence of  erysipelas  and  pyaemia  in  the  hospital. 

1873  Public  clamor  for  the  removal  of  the  hospital  as  being 
totally  unfit  to  house  the  sick. 

The  number  of  beds  were  reduced  from  900  to  600,  al- 
lowing 1280  cubic  feet  of  air  to  each  patient 

Establishment  of  the  "New  York  Training  School  for 
Nurses  attached  to  Bellevue  Hospital,"  the  first  in  this 
country. 


i4  PeUebue  Chronicles! 


1874  Puerperal  fever  very  severe,  there  being  31  deaths  in  166 
cases  of  confinement  in  six  months. 

Obstetrical  service  removed  to  the  Island. 
The    Fourth    Medical    Division    re-established    and    the 
Fourth  Surgical  Division  organized. 

1877  The  Emergency  Hospital  opened  for  the  reception  of  acute 
obstetrical  cases  and  attached  to  the  Bellevue  service. 

1879  Erection  of  the  Sturges  pavilion,  the  gift  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
W.  H.  Osborn. 

Opening  of  the  Pavilion  for  the  Insane. 

Death  of  Williams  of  the  house  staff  from  encephalitis. 

December  6,  11  p.  m.  Fire  destroyed  a  wooden  pavilion 
comprising  two  wards  for  women  and  children  and  caused 
a  loss  of  four  lives. 

1880  Death  of  Hunt  of  the  house  staff  from  diphtheria. 

1881  Death  of  Hammond  from  septicaemia. 

1882  Services  of  the  hospital  were  allotted  severally  to  the 
faculties  of  each  of  the  three  medical  schools  of  the  city 
and  one,  the  Fourth,  was  restricted  to  noncollegiate 
appointments. 

Death  of  Young  of  the  house  staff  from  septicaemia. 
Resident   physician   appointed   to   the    Pavilion   for   the 
Insane. 

1883  Erection  of  the  Marquand  Pavilion,  the  gift  of  F.  &  H. 
Marquand,  on  the  site  of  the  pavilion  which  was  burned 
in  1879. 

1884  Death  of  Hubbard  from  typhoid  fever. 

1885  Opening  of  Gouverneur  Hospital. 

1886  The  Society  of  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital  organized. 

1887  Erection  of  the  Townsend  pavilion,  the  gift  of  Mrs.  R.  H. 
L.  Townsend. 

Opening  of  the  building  for  the  General  Drug  Depart- 
ment to  supply  most  of  the  municipal  hospitals  and  prisons. 
Harlem  hospital  opened. 

1888  The  Mills'  Training  School  for  Male  Nurses  established, 
the  money  for  which  was  presented  by  Mr.  D.  O.  Mills. 


iflieUebue  Cfjromeletf  15 


1890  A  new  amphitheatre  built,  together  with  the  Crane  opera- 
ting room;  the  latter  in  memory  of  Doctor  John  J.  Crane, 
a  gift  from  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Mills. 

The  first  reunion  and  banquet  of  Bellevue  men  was  held 
in  April;  166  former  members  of  house  staff  attended. 

The  Dehon  Annex  built  by  Miss  M.  H.  Dehon. 

1892  A  suite  of  four  rooms,  a  gift  from  Miss  Lazarus  to  the 
Alumnae  Society  of  the  Training  School,  was  built  over 
the  Marquand  pavilion  to  be  used  as  an  infirmary. 

Opening  of  a  pavilion  for  alcoholic  patients. 

Fordham  Hospital  established. 

1896    Installation  of  a  house  system  of  telephones. 

1901  Death  of  Hess  from  scarlet  fever. 

1902  Department  of  Bellevue  and  Allied  Hospitals  established 
and  placed  under  the  direction  of  a  Board  of  Trustees  ap- 
pointed by  the  Mayor. 

Board  urges  the  necessity  for  an  entirely  new  Bellevue 
Hospital. 

Death  of  Ryan  from  acute  tuberculosis. 
The  Mills'  School  placed  in  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Train- 
ing School  for  Women  Nurses. 

1903  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment  appropriates 
$75,000  for  plans  and  specifications  for  a  new  Bellevue. 

Adoption  of  a  new  system  of  taking  and  caring  for  clinical 
records ;  record  department  opened  in  the  remodeled 
college  building  and  placed  under  the  supervision  of  a 
Committee  on  Clinical  Records. 

1904  A  Director  of  Pathological  Laboratories  appointed  having 
supervision  of  all  laboratories  of  the  Department. 

Office  of  Dietitian  established. 

1905  General  Medical  Superintendent  installed. 

1906  Purchase  of  ground  for  a  new  Nurses'  Residence  between 
25th  and  26th  Streets  at  a  cost  of  $244,000.  City  appro- 
priates $628,000  for  the  building. 

The  Bureau  for  Social  Service  and  Convalescent  Relief 
Work  organized  with  offices  in  the  Dormitory  (College) 
building. 


1 6  pelletoue  Chronicles 


1907  Title  acquired  to  the  block  north  of  the  hospital  at  a  cost 
of  $1,664,658.54.  This  acquisition  with  the  bulk-head  line 
extended  200  feet,  will  increase  by  75%  the  present  site. 

Opening  of  new  Harlem  and  Fordham  Hospitals.  The 
nursing  staff  of  both  of  these  hospitals  is  placed  under 
jurisdiction  of  Bellevue  Training  School. 

The  House-keeping  Department,  Distribution  of  Medical 
and  Surgical  Supplies,  Relief  Work  and  District  Nursing 
placed  in  care  of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses. 

The  Society  of  Alumni  established  two  annual  prizes  of 
$100  each  which  may  be  awarded  to  members  of  the  house 
staff  for  papers  based  on  observations  and  studies  made  in 
the  hospital  and  presented  within  one  year  of  the  termina- 
tion of  their  interneships. 

1908  Opening  of  Pavilions  A  and  B  of  the  new  hospital  plan 
with  430  beds  for  medical  and  obstetrical  cases. 

Emergency  Hospital  closed  and  the  obstetrical  service 
placed  in  the  new  pavilions. 

Tuberculosis  Day-Camp  opened  on  old  ferryboat  "South- 
field"  which  was  remodeled  and  moored  at  the  bulkhead. 

A  Clinic  for  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  a  Dental  Clinic 
established. 

1909  Opening  of  the  new  Nurses'  Residence. 

Regular  fire  drills  instituted. 

1910  Resident  physicians  appointed  in  charge  of  the  alcoholic 
and  children's  services  respectively,  the  internes  serving  as 
assistants. 

Bellevue  Hospital  Annual  Census,  38,972;  including  3,399 
insane. 

1911  Substitution  of  women  nurses  for  men  nurses  in  all 
wards.  Mills'  School  to  be  used  for  the  education  of 
trained  orderlies. 

School  for  education  of  midwives  opened  in  the  old 
Emergency  Hospital  building. 

The  new  Pathological  Pavilion  completed  and  opened. 

Completion  of  new  Laundry  and  Boiler  House  and  Coal 
Pockets. 

Work  begun  on  the  surgical  section  of  the  new  hospital, 
Pavilions  L.  and  M. 

1912  Construction  work  begun  on  new  Pavilions,  I  and  K. 

Completion  and  equipment  of  the  new  Laundry  and  a 
manager  appointed  at  a  salary  of  $1,200  per  annum. 


JieUebue  Chronicles 


*7 


Opening  of  a  Library  in  the  Pathological  Building  avail- 
able to  physicians  in  good  standing  and  to  medical  students. 

Appointment  of  two  Resident  Assistant  Pathologists  with- 
out salary. 

Capacity  of  Hospital:  1,290  beds;  men,  644;  women,  466; 
children,   160. 

Members    Visiting    Staff,    98 ;    Housestaff,    67 ;  Nurses 

(average)  299;  Officers  and  Employees  (average)  619. 

Census                           Total           Male  Female 

Patients  in  Hospital,  Jan.  1 1,080              738  342 

Patients   admitted,   Medical 29,178          17,430  11,748 

Patients  admitted,  Surgical 10,426           8,428  1,998 

Births    692              343  349 

Total 41,376         26,939  14,437 

Discharged    37.099         24,223  12,876 

Died  3,165           2,018  1,147 

Remaining,   Dec.  31 1,112              698  414 

Total    41,376         26,939  14,437 

Total  number  operations,    Surgical, 

Gynaecological  and  Obstetrical 4,560 

Total   days'  treatment 459,441        288,228  171,213 

Average,  per  patient 11.10            10.69  11.85 

Average  treated  daily 1,255              787  468 

Largest  day  (Apr.  19) 1,291              796  495 

Smallest  day  (Oct.  4) 992              620  372 

Total    expenses $834,786,86 

Cost  per  patient  per  day 1.81 

X-Ray  Examinations                 Total          Med.  Sur. 

Patients  Examined 4,409            1,000  3,409 

Plates   Made 7,137           1,525  5,612 


R.  J.  C. 


1 8  $resitbent'£  Snaugural  gtobre&S 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS 

by 
Henry  Mann  Silver,  M.D. 
January  8th,  1913 
Gentlemen  and  Fellow  Members: 

Allow  me  to  thank  you  for  the  great  honor  you  have 
conferred  upon  me  by  electing  me  to  be  your  presiding 
officer  for  the  coming  year.  While  I  appreciate  the 
honor,  coming  as  it  does  from  a  Society  composed  of 
such  eminently  competent  men,  I  am  deeply  mindful  of 
the  great  responsibility  that  goes  with  it.  My  predeces- 
sor, Dr.  Houghton,  passes  the  Society  into  my  keeping 
at  the  height  of  its  successful  career.  Never  has  the  list 
of  members  in  all  classes  been  so  full,  never  has  the 
standard  of  the  scientific  programs  been  so  high,  and 
never  have  the  social  sessions  been  more  enjoyable.  I 
accept  the  responsibility  as  it  will  be  a  stimulus  to  work, 
for  work  with  such  distinguished  associates  on  the  Com- 
mittee of  Science  as  aids,  will  be  a  pleasure. 

It  will  be  my  aim  to  keep  the  Society  on  the  same  high 
plane,  to  make  the  meetings  more  interesting  by  present- 
ing, in  addition  to  the  formal  papers,  interesting  clinical 
cases,  the  newest  methods  of  diagnosis,  with  instruments 
illustrating  the  same,  the  newest  forms  of  treatment,  and 
the  newest  methods  of  surgical  procedure.  In  order  to 
do  this,  I  ask  your  assistance  and,  as  the  Society  has 
among  its  members,  men  who  have  hospital,  college  and 
dispensary  appointments  who  are  advanced  workers  in 
all  branches  of  the  profession,  this  program  can  easily 
be  carried  out. 

I  am  also  deeply  interested  in  having  more  carefully 
prepared  discussions  of  the  papers,  inviting  members, 
and  others  to  take  part  in  the  discussion,  a  sufficiently 


flregttrent's  inaugural  Wiixtte  19 


long  time  before  the  reading  of  the  paper  to  allow  for 
careful  preparation,  and  have  the  reader  of  the  paper 
send  a  synopsis  of  the  paper  to  those  who  are  to  discuss 
it. 

The  formal  discussion  to  be  followed  with  a  general 
discussion. 

On  looking  over  the  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the 
past  year,  I  noticed  that  Dr.  Houghton  proposed  holding 
the  October  meeting  at  the  hospital  with  presentation  of 
interesting  cases  by  the  attending  staff. 

I  have  chosen  as  the  subject  of  my  brief  address  this 
evening,  the  Third  Annual  Session  of  the  Clinical  Con- 
gress of  Surgeons  of  North  America,  in  order  to  call 
your  attention  to  the  important  part  our  Alma  Mater, 
and  the  members  of  this  Society,  took  in  making  the 
Congress  a  success,  and  to  speak  of  some  of  the  more 
important  subjects  acted  upon  at  the  business  meeting 
of  the  Congress,  which,  if  finally  adopted  and  carried 
into  execution,  mean  efficiency  in  surgical  procedure, 
greater  confidence  of  the  public  in  the  Surgical  profession 
and,  by  a  campaign  of  education,  the  saving  of  thousands 
of  lives  each  year. 

As  this  Society  is  not  composed  exclusively  of  surgeons, 
a  few  words  of  a  historical  nature  may  be  of  interest  at 
this  point.  It  is  said  the  original  germ  of  holding  a 
general  clinic  for  surgeons  began  to  grow  in  the  fertile 
brain  of  Dr.  A.  J.  Ochsner.  Soon  after  his  appointment 
in  1895  as  Surgeon  in  Chief  to  the  Augustana  Hospital 
in  Chicago,  it  occurred  to  him  that  a  general  clinic  by 
Chicago  Surgeons  to  which  all  the  profession  of  the 
Middle  West  were  invited,  would  be  a  splendid  thing. 
The  Clinic  was  carried  out  through  his  suggestion.  It 
seemed  to  work  nicely,  but  apparently  was  dropped  for 
the  time  being. 


2o  $regt&ent'g  inaugural  gfotireste 


Some  five  or  six  years  ago,  a  number  of  the  leading 
surgeons  of  America  organized  what  they  called  "The 
Clinical  Surgical  Society,"  for  the  purpose  of  visiting, 
at  stated  intervals,  the  clinics  of  each  other,  for  the 
purpose  of  observing,  criticising  and  learning  and,  finally, 
for  the  purpose  of  co-operating  in  cultivating  enthusiasm 
and  investigation.  It  is  the  spirit  of  clinical  investigation 
carried  to  the  practical  point  of  show  me. 

In  the  September,  1910,  number  of  "Surgery,  Gyneco- 
logy and  Obstetrics,"  Dr.  Franklin  T.  Martin  calls  at- 
tention to  the  great  success  of  "The  Clinical  Surgical 
Society,"  and,  desiring  to  still  further  amplify  the  clinical 
idea,  Dr.  Martin  and  the  Editors  of  the  Journal  just 
mentioned,  decided  to  invite  to  a  clinical  meeting,  not  a 
limited  number  to  see  the  work  of  a  few  surgeons  but,  as 
far  as  practicable,  every  man  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  who  was  particularly  interested  in  Surgery,  to 
observe  the  principal  clinics  in  Chicago.  Twelve  thou- 
sand invitations  were  sent  out  and  thirteen  hundred  at- 
tended the  meetings,  nine  hundred  and  thirty  actually 
registering.  The  clinical  idea  appealed  to  the  meeting. 
They  felt  that,  by  seeing  the  work  done,  it  became  a  part 
of  them.  The  first  meeting,  as  an  experiment,  proved  to 
be  a  great  success  and  the  thousand  men  in  attendance  on 
the  initial  call  incorporated  it  into  a  great  organization 
offering  possibilities  of  unusual  moment  for  the  future 
of  scientific  surgery,  and  elected  Dr.  Ochsner  president. 

The  second  meeting  held  in  Philadelphia,  November 
7-16,  1911,  also  was  a  great  success,  being  attended  by 
fifteen  hundred  surgeons.  Eight  hundred  and  seventy 
of  this  number  actually  registered  and  paid  the  registra- 
tion fee. 

The  third  annual  session  held  in  this  city,  November 
11-17,   1912,  with  an  actual  registration  of  twenty-six 


iPreSt&ent's  3naugural  gfobrestf  21 


hundred  surgeons,  made  a  record  of  attendance  on  any 
single  organization  of  surgical  specialists  ever  before 
gathered  in  one  body. 

The  clinical  facilities  offered  by  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  were  of  enormous  proportions.  They  included 
every  prominent  surgeon,  every  prominent  hospital,  all 
the  medical  schools  and  all  surgical  laboratories.  It  is 
estimated  that  from  six  to  eight  hundred  surgical  opera- 
tions a  day  were  performed  at  the  various  clinics  during 
each  day  of  the  Congress.  The  night  meetings  held  at  the 
Waldorf-Astoria  were  an  inspiration,  great  crowds 
listening  night  after  night  to  the  masters  of  surgery 
describing  operations  which  have  made  the  progress  of 
American  surgery  during  the  past  decade  a  marvel  of 
the  age. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  state  that  our  Alma 
Mater,  Bellevue  Hospital,  played  a  very  important  part 
during  the  week  of  the  Clinical  Congress. 

During  the  week  of  the  Congress  the  work  had  been 
so  carefully  planned  by  the  Surgical  Visiting  Staff  that 
Bellevue  was  able  to  present  larger  opportunities  for 
observing  work  than  most  other  hospitals.  Four  clinics, 
beside  many  demonstrations  in  the  wards,  were  held 
each  day.  The  attendance  was  large  and  most  of  the 
important  operations  in  the  special  branches  were  per- 
formed. Much  attention  was  paid  to  operations  for 
bone  transplantation,  bone  plating  and  the  various  forms 
of  hernia,  etc.  Perhaps  the  largest  clinic  was  given  by 
Dr.  Albee,  over  four  hundred  surgeons  being  present, 
some  without  doubt  being  attracted  by  the  notice  posted 
on  the  bulletin  board  at  the  Waldorf-Astoria.  Trans- 
plantation of  cold  storage  astragalus  for  absent  head  of 
femur.  Bone  transplantation  for  Potts  disease.  An 
astragalus  removed  at  the  Post  Graduate  Hospital  the 


22  JfreStbent's;  3naugural  ^[bbresisf 


day  before  and  placed  in  cold  storage  furnished  the 
material  for  the  head  of  the  femur  and  a  portion  of  the 
tibia,  removed  in  the  operation  for  transplantation  for 
Potts  disease,  furnished  the  material  for  the  peg  to  keep 
the  new  head  of  the  femur  in  place.  The  visitors  were 
enthusiastic  and  loud  in  their  praise  of  the  good  work 
done  at  Bellevue  Hospital.  One  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  the  work  done  at  Bellevue  during  the  week 
was  the  X-Ray  department.  Dr.  Hirsch  tells  me  that 
his  department  arranged  for  the  Clinical  Congress,  an 
exhibition  of  radiographs,  illustrating  various  medical 
and  surgical  conditions  and,  in  addition  gave  demonstra- 
tions of  the  technique  employed  in  the  department. 

The  X-Ray  Department  of  Bellevue  Hospital  has,  per- 
haps, the  largest  service  of  any  single  department  in  the 
world.  There  are  some  radiographic  services  abroad 
which  are  larger  but  they  are  divided  in  two,  a  separate 
service  and  working  staff  for  the  surgical,  and  another 
for  the  medical  service.  As  a  single  department,  we 
examine  more  cases  than  any  other  hospital  fn  this 
country  or  abroad.  There  are  now  on  file,  arranged  and 
classified,  about  thirty  thousand  plates,  illustrating  every 
condition — medical  or  surgical — to  which  X-Rays  have 
been  applied  as  a  diagnostic  aid.  Our  average  number 
of  radiographs,  made  monthly,  has  reached  eight  hun- 
dred. 

During  the  Clinical  Congress,  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  men  visited  the  department  and  were  shown 
the  technique  of  the  examinations  and  routine  employed. 
To  many  of  the  men,  the  rapidity  with  which  the  results 
were  obtained  was  surprising,  as  was  also  the  wealth  of 
material  at  our  disposal.  Demonstration  of  the  fluoro- 
scopic work  interested  them  considerably.  They  had  no 
idea  that  so  much  valuable  information  could  be  obtained 
by  the  use  of  the  screen. 


iPresibent'tf  inaugural  gtofcress 


The  new  pathological  building  was  open,  and,  although 
no  effort  was  made  to  give  demonstrations  visitors  in 
pathology,  Dr.  Norris  conducted  several  groups  of 
visitors  about  the  building. 

Thirty-three  active  and  permanent  associate  members 
of  our  Society  took  an  active  part  during  the  week  of  the 
Clinical  Congress,  about  seventy  clinics  or  demonstra- 
tions being  given  by  them. 

At  Bellevue  Hospital:  Drs.  Bryant,  Woolsey,  Hotch- 
kiss,  Walker,  Bissell  and  Cramp  had  many  very  interest- 
ing surgical  operations.  Drs.  Barrows,  Wylie  and  Studdi- 
ford  had  a  wide  range  of  gynecological  operations,  in- 
cluding several  laparotomies.  Dr.  Sayre  gave  two 
interesting  orthopedic  clinics,  and  Drs.  Chetwood  and 
McCarthy,  one  genito-urinary  clinic  each. 

At  the  Post-Graduate  Hospital:  Our  Society  was 
represented  by  Drs.  Morris,  Erdmann  and  Dunham  in 
surgery — Dr.  Erdmann  performing  one  of  the  two  Wert- 
heim  operations  for  cancer  of  the  uterus  performed  by 
New  York  surgeons  during  the  clinic  week.  Dr.  Morris 
performed  many  operations  of  interest  at  the  three 
clinics  he  gave.  Dr.  McCarthy  gave  two  genito-urinary 
clinics,  demonstrating  the  most  recent  methods  of  teach- 
ing that  subject. 

At  St.  Vincent's  Hospital:  Dr.  Stewart,  at  two  clinics, 
operated  on  several  cases  of  more  than  ordinary  interest. 
Dr.  Lusk  introduced  twenty-four  feet  of  gold  wire  into 
an  aneurismal  sac  before  a  distinguished  audience. 

At  the  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital:  Dr.  Carter 
gave  a  clinic  showing  the  transplantation  of  bone  for 
forming  a  bridge  for  a  new  nose.  Great  interest  was  shown 
by  the  visiting  doctors  in  the  operation.  Dr.  Hubbard 
also  gave  a  clinic. 

At  the  Manhattan  Maternity :     Dr.  Edgar  arranged  for 


24  :Pre$foent'£  inaugural  &bbre£# 

demonstrations  of  method  and  technique  in  obstetric 
practice. 

At  the  Woman's  Hospital:  Drs.  Flint,  Jr.  and  Hawkes 
gave  two  clinics  each,  operating  on  several  interesting 
cases. 

At  the  New  York  Bye  and  Bar  Infirmary :  Dr.  Bacon 
held  one  clinic. 

At  the  Lebanon  Hospital:  Dr.  Syms  was  fortunate  in 
collecting  and  operating  on  several  cases  illustrating 
surgical  conditions  of  the  kidney;  he  also  did  a  prosta- 
tectomy by  the  perineal  method. 

At  the  Harlem  Hospital:  Dr.  Haynes  held  three 
clinics,  performing  several  important  operations,  includ- 
ing the  use  of  Lane's  plates  for  fracture. 

At  the  Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Cripples:  Dr. 
Townsend  held  three  clinics,  although  he  was  handicapped 
by  lack  of  material  on  account  of  the  hospital  moving  to 
its  new  building  about  that  time. 

At  Gouvemeur  Hospital:  Dr.  Sellenings  demon- 
strated his  method  of  operating  on  inguinal  hernia  on 
three  cases. 

At  the  Bellevue  and  University  College:  Dr.  Chisholm 
gave  two  demonstrations  of  surgical  subjects. 

At  the  Pilcher  Private  Hospital:  Dr.  Pilcher  operated 
before  a  few  invited  guests. 

At  the  Beth  Israel  Hospital:  Dr.  Silver  gave  two 
demonstrations  of  the  intratracheal  insufflation  anaes- 
thesia, and  operated  upon  several  interesting  abdominal 
cases. 

An  Editorial  in  one  of  the  Medical  Journals  published 
in  this  city  states  that:  "The  Clinical  Congress  has  had 
a  great  influence  on  the  Surgeons  of  New  York.  An 
immense  amount  of  surgical  work  was  done,  and  it  was 
the  consensus  of  opinion  that  it  was  extremely  well  done. 


igregt&ent'S  3naugural  gtofcre**  25 


The  Congress  has  served  the  great  purpose  of  demon- 
strating to  New  York  what  New  York  can  do  in  the 
matter  of  surgical  teaching.  This  great  city  has  at  last 
awakened  to  its  vast  possibilities.  She  has  the  men,  she 
has  the  facilities,  and  she  has  the  material.  Co-operation 
and  intelligent  effort,  properly  directed,  must  in  a  short 
time  reveal  New  York  in  its  true  picture,  a  picture  made 
possible  by  this  Congress,  as  one  of  the  great  medical 
and  surgical  centers  in  the  world.  It  has  also  stimulated 
the  work  of  the  new  Society,  viz:  the  Society  for  the 
Advancement  of  Clinical  Study,  which  has  recently  been 
organized  for  the  purpose  of  having  a  central  office  where 
visitors  to,  or  residents  of  New  York,  can  go  and  obtain 
information  concerning  all  the  clinical  work  going  on  in 
the  Greater  City  of  New  York." 

It  had  a  great  influence  on  the  public,  as  shown  by  the 
following  editorial  taken  from  one  of  the  daily  papers : 

"Last  week's  Congress  of  Surgeons  was  the  third 
gathering  of  the  kind  that  has  been  held,  but  the  number 
attending  it  was  so  much  larger  than  at  either  of  the 
others,  and  it  attracted  so  much  more  general  attention, 
that  it  will  probably  take  its  place  in  the  history  of 
American  Medicine  as  the  real  beginning  of  an  educa- 
tional movement  of  the  very  highest  importance,  both 
to  the  surgeons  and  to  the  public.  That  the  Congress 
was  a  brilliant  success,  most  admirably  managed,  and 
with  the  notable  novelty  of  cordial  recognition  of  the 
legitimacy  of  lay  interest  in  the  proceedings,  is  enthusi- 
astically proclaimed  by  those  of  best  qualified  judgment, 
and  professional  opinion  is  unanimous  that  the  excellent 
results  achieved  will  be  felt  all  over  the  country.  The 
visiting  surgeons  from  the  smaller  centers  have  been 
refreshed  and  stimulated  by  contact  with  the  leaders  and 
by  observation  of  what  they  do  and  how  they  do  it." 


26  ^regibent'S  Snaugural  gfo&regs; 


The  clinics  as  held  were  not  an  exhibition  arranged 
for  a  special  occasion,  but  just  about  what  is  going  on  in 
New  York's  many  hospitals  every  day  in  the  year.  There 
has  been  no  failure  on  the  part  of  the  Press  to  appreciate 
the  importance  of  the  Congress  and  for  once,  at  least, 
there  is  no  excuse  for  repeating  the  stupid  charge  that 
papers  care  for  nothing  except  crime  and  disasters. 

What  did  the  visiting  members  think  of  the  success 
of  the  Congress?  In  preparing  this  address,  I  sent  a 
circular  letter  to  over  one  hundred  registered  members  of 
the  Congress,  asking  them  for  their  impression  of  the 
Congress.  Many  replies  were  received.  One  stated  that 
the  influence  of  the  Congress  will  be  of  lasting  benefit, 
not  only  to  those  who  were  in  attendance,  but  indirectly 
to  those  who  remained  at  home.  The  surgeon  returns 
to  his  home  and  imparts  to  his  colleagues  the  many  ex- 
cellent ideas  and  views  that  were  exchanged.  The 
Congress  was  a  most  happy  inspiration.  The  throngs 
that  visited  the  numerous  hospitals  demonstrated  to  my 
mind  that  teaching  by  clinical  demonstration  is  vastly 
more  attractive  and  profitable  than  is  the  reading  of 
papers.  The  crowds  about  the  bulletin  early  in  the 
morning  and  late  at  night  bore  evidence  of  the  intense 
interest  manifested,  and  it  convinced  me  that  all  the 
visitors  were  there  for  one  purpose,  namely,  for 
instruction  and  not  for  amusement.  (Temreliges.) 
Again  it  acts  as  a  stimulus  to  the  surgeon  to  do  better 
work,  enables  him  to  become  familiar  with  the  technique 
of  the  masters  in  surgery,  and  in  this  way  improve  his 
own  work.  It  informs  the  public  of  the  wonderful 
results  that  are  obtained  by  means  of  surgery,  and  by 
thus  influencing  them,  helps  to  some  extent  to  do  away 
with  the  natural  fear  many  people  have  of  the  knife. 
Only  last  night,  nearly  two  months  after  the  Congress,. 


igresibent's  inaugural  &bbres*  27 


a  woman  of  the  middle  class  made  this  remark  to  me : 
"The  Congress  of  Surgeons  in  New  York  a  few  weeks 
ago  has  helped  to  take  away  my  fear  of  the  hospital." 
(Brown.)  Again,  the  practical  benefit  which  I  have 
derived  from  the  week's  attendance  at  the  clinics  sur- 
passes anything  that  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  enjoying 
in  my  medical  career.  And,  in  my  opinion,  the  splendid 
success  of  the  meeting  was  due  to  the  fact  that  it  was 
not  "paper  talks"  with  which  we  are  so  often  gorged  at 
other  medical  meetings,  but  we  went  to  New  York  to  be 
shown  and  the  New  York  men  certainly  delivered  the 
goods.  The  benefits  derived  from  such  a  meeting,  where 
the  entire  surgical  field  was  so  thoroughly  covered  in  a 
practical  way,  cannot  fail  to  be  of  value  to  every  member 
who  was  in  attendance.  The  coming  together  of  men 
from  all  quarters  of  our  country,  and  the  exchange  of 
ideas  and  criticisms  offered,  makes  for  the  betterment  of 
all  in  broadening  our  horizon,  making  us  more  tolerant 
and  less  provincial  and  that  feature  alone  means  a  great 
advance  in  our  attitude  towards  the  public  good.  (Dogg.) 
The  first  and  second  sessions  of  the  Surgical  Congress 
simply  demonstrated  the  feasibility  of  continuing  the 
Congress.  The  third  session  was  such  a  success  that  it 
was  decided  to  make  the  Congress  take  action  for  great 
advances  in  surgery. 

The  most  important  items  acted  on  were : 
I.  The  founding  of  an  American  College  of  Surgeons 
for  the  purpose  of  devising  a  means  for  the  standardiza- 
tion of  surgeons  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  The 
Secretary,  Dr.  Franklin  H.  Martin,  stated  that  the  time 
was  ripe  for  concerted  action  on  the  part  of  the  great 
body  of  thinking  surgeons  of  this  continent  to  insist  that 
the  surgeons  of  the  future  shall  be  not  only  thoroughly 
educated  in  the  science  of  medicine  but  that  he  shall 


28  -present's;  inaugural  gfobreg* 


have  a  thorough  training  in  the  technique  of  surgery, 
under  the  direction  of  a  practical  surgeon,  before  he  is 
legally  or  morally  allowed  to  operate  upon  the  public. 
This  will  protect  unsuspecting  patients,  who  have  no  way 
of  discriminating  between  trained  surgeons  and  the  tyro. 
It  will  protect  the  would-be  surgeon  against  his  own 
inexperience  and  it  will  protect  and  put  a  premium  where 
it  belongs — on  the  conscientiously  trained  surgeon. 

A  Committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  advisabil- 
ity of  taking  up  this  subject  and  to  report  at  the  next 
meeting. 

The  need  of  such  action  is  greatly  felt  by  surgeons, 
especially  in  the  South  and  Middle  West,  as  is  shown  by 
the  following  letters.  I  believe  the  Congress  will  have  a 
powerful  influence  in  standardizing  surgery  as  a  special 
branch  of  the  science  of  healing.  I  believe  all  noticed 
a  tendency  toward  putting  the  surgeon  so  far  apart 
from  the  general  profession  that  special  training  should 
"be  required  before  any  physician  will  be  permitted  to  do 
surgery.  There  are  too  many  men  who  have  inferior 
training,  who  are  willing  to  tackle  any  kind  of  a  job  if 
they  can  obtain  the  patient's  consent,  by  quoting  the 
results  of  the  best  operators  and  implying  that  any 
operator  can  get  similar  results.  I  hope  the  day  is  coming 
when  a  surgeon  must  be  a  surgeon  and  not  a  second  rate 
carpenter.     (Cowley.) 

I  am  doubtful  about  the  Congress  being  of  benefit  to 
the  profession.  The  crowd  is  too  great  to  permit  of 
seeing  satisfactorily.  Then  I  am  afraid  that  the  majority 
of  those  in  attendance  were  not  surgeons,  but  general 
practitioners,  and  that  seeing  so  much  surgery  may  lead 
many  of  them  to  attempt  work  for  which  they  are  not 
prepared.    (McCown.) 

II.     The  most  important  act  of  the  Congress  was  the 


Jfrefiibcnt's;  inaugural  ^[tibrEgg  29 


appointment  of  a  Committee  of  Five  to  formulate  and 
execute  a  plan  of  education  among  the  laity  and  general 
practitioners  on  the  subject  of  cancer.  At  a  great  meet- 
ing held  in  the  Academy  of  Music,  in  Brooklyn,  attended 
by  over  three  thousand  men,  the  following  resolutions 
were  adopted. 

Be  it  Resolved: — That  the  time  has  arrived  when,  if 
the  surgeons  of  America  are  to  do  their  duty  to  the  citi- 
zens of  this  country,  a  campaign  of  publicity  should  be 
undertaken  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  every  woman  in 
this  country  the  early  symptoms  of  cancer  of  the  womb 
and  to  point  out  that,  if  the  cancer  be  detected  in  its 
early  stages,  it  can  be  cured. 

Be  it  Further  Resolved: — That  this  Society  at  once 
appoint  a  Committee  of  Five  to  be  named  by  the  Presi- 
dent, to  disseminate  the  information  and,  further,  that 
this  Committee  be  instructed  to  write,  or  have  written, 
articles  to  be  published  in  the  daily  press,  the  weekly  or 
monthly  magazines,  as  may  prove  most  expedient. 

This  plan  calls  for  the  education  of  the  general  practi- 
tioner, as  well  as  the  laity.  I  think  all  surgeons  recognize 
the  necessity  of  this,  as  is  well  shown  in  a  letter  received 
from  a  Health  Officer  in  the  South. 

I  see  no  reason  why  good  should  not  come  from  a 
movement  of  this  kind.  The  principal  difficulty,  without 
doubt,  in  matters  of  this  sort  lies  in  the  ignorance  of  the 
average  practicing  doctor  as  to  the  characteristics  of 
malignant  tumors,  and  he  almost  invariably  temporizes 
until  it  is  too  late  for  the  surgeon  to  be  of  any  benefit. 
I  have  myself  often  seen  tumors  of  a  malignant  character 
which  were  diagnosticated  by  the  patient's  family 
physician  as  this,  that,  or  the  other,  and  have  known 
even  of  such  patients  being  treated  until  they  were  on 
their  death-bed,  with  never  any  recognition  at  all  of  the 


30  JSresibent's;  inaugural  gtobresft 


true  condition  of  affairs.  I  have  even  seen  men,  who 
call  themselves  doctors,  allow  epithelioma  about  the 
tongue  and  face  to  reach  inoperable  stages  before  they 
were  willing  to  admit  that  the  trouble  was  malignant. 
Such  being  the  case  here,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  first 
thing  to  do  would  be  to  educate  the  doctors,  but  this  is 
rather  a  delicate  matter  and  I  am  somewhat  at  a  loss  to 
know  how  to  go  about  it. 

In  order  to  obtain  definite  information  of  any  effort 
being  made  in  the  United  States  to  carry  on  a  campaign 
of  publicity  for  the  early  symptoms  of  cancer,  I  sent  the 
following  letter  to  the  State  Commissioners  of  Health 
of  every  State: 

"December  2,  1912. 
State  Commissioner  of  Health, 

Dear  Sir: 

Will  you  kindly  inform  me,  at  your  earliest  conveni- 
ence, if  you  are  carrying  on  in  your  State  a  campaign 
of  publicity  for  the  early  symptoms  of  Cancer,  in  order 
that  the  disease  may  be  detected  in  its  early  stages.  If 
you  are,  will  you  please  tell  me  how  you  do  it,  and  send 
pamphlets  and  papers  covering  the  subject. 

Very  sincerely  yours," 

I  received  prompt  answers  from  all  the  Commissioners, 
with  two  or  three  exceptions.  Only  two  States  (Virginia 
and  Michigan)  were  taking  any  active  interest  in  the 
matter  by  issuing  bulletins  for  the  instruction  of  the 
public.     The  great  majority  of  replies  read  as  follows: 

"This  State  is  not  at  this  time  carrying  on  a  campaign 
of  publicity  for  the  early  symptoms  of  cancer." 


$re£ttjent'g  inaugural  Subtest  31 

The  bulletin  issued  by  Virginia,  in  May,  1911,  has 
printed  on  the  cover  in  bold  type : 

"CANCER 
What  Our  People  Should  Know  About  It. 

This  dread  malady  appears  to  be  increasing  and  must 
be  combatted. 

We  have  not  found  the  cause,  but  we  have  learned 
much  about  the  cure. 

This  Bulletin  gives  the  substance  of  our  knowledge 
and  the  basis  of  our  hopes  to  reduce  the  mortality." 

In  plain  and  simple  language  the  whole  subject  is 
discussed  under  the  following  heads:  "What  is  Cancer?" 
"Irritation  Aids  Cancer."  "The  Prevalence  of  Cancer." 
"The  Essentials  of  Cancer  Treatment."   Conclusion. 

The  Bulletin  issued  by  the  State  Department  of  Health 
of  Michigan  is  entitled:  "Cancer  and  How  it  may  be 
Cured." 

"Read  and  Pass  on  to  your  Neighbor." 

The  subject  is  divided  as  follows:  I.  Cancer  is 
curable.  77.  Have  operations  failed  to  cure?  III. 
What  is  Cancer?  IV.  Cancer  in  Michigan.  V.  When 
to  suspect  a  cancer  and  what  to  do.  VI.  Some  facts 
relating  to  Cancer  outside  of  Michigan. 

I  regret  that  lack  of  time  prevents  my  bringing  out  all 
the  points  dwelt  upon  in  these  bulletins.  The  same  ideas 
run  through  both.  I.  That  every  malignant  growth  is 
at  some  stage  of  its  existence  local  and  curable.  II. 
That  Cancer  must  be  diagnosticated  at  the  earliest  pos- 
sible moment,  and  the  third  essential  is  the  prompt  and 
thorough  treatment  of  Cancer  as  soon  as  possible.  If  a 
cancer  is  to  be  cured,  it  must  be  by  destroying  every  cell. 

Conclusion :  It  has  been  estimated  that  there  are  now 
80,000  cases  of  cancer  in  the  United  States,  and  that 


32  ipretffoent'g  inaugural  gfofcrestf 


40,000  deaths  occur  from  Cancer  every  year.  If  the 
patient  would  co-operate  with  the  physician,  and  the 
physician  would  recognize  and  deal  promptly  with  these 
growths  in  the  early  stages,  the  mortality  from  Cancer 
would  be  cut  down  to  probably  one-fourth  of  what  it  is 
now.  This  would  mean  a  saving  of  30,000  lives  a  year 
in  the  United  States  alone.  They  can  be  saved  if  the 
people  and  the  profession,  knowing  the  truth,  would 
adopt  it. 

Much  more  remains  to  be  said  on  this  subject  but  I 
have  already  exceed  my  time  limit  and,  in  closing,  I  can 
but  repeat  what  I  have  already  said,  that  the  Congress 
was  a  brilliant  success,  and  has  taken  its  place  in  the 
history  of  American  Medicine  as  the  real  beginning  of 
an  educational  movement  of  the  very  highest  importance, 
both  to  the  surgeons  and  to  the  public. 


Obttuarp  33 


3n  fflemoriam 


JAMES  OAKLEY  PINGRY 

A.B.,  University,  City  of  New  York,  1862 ;  A.  M.,  1865 ; 
M.D.,  Columbia,  1868;  House  Surgeon  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal, Third  Surgical  Division,  1870. 

In  practice  at  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  1870,  Mabbettsville, 
N.  Y.,  1870-72;  at  Millbrook,  n!  Y„  1872-1910.  Mem- 
ber Dutchess  Co.  and  State  Medical  Society. 

Died  in  Millbrook,  April  10,  1910,  aged  66  years. 


JOHN  EDWIN  ALLEN 

M.D.,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1874;  House 
Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  Fourth  Medical  Division, 
1876;  at  Vienna,  1877-78;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1878-84; 
Attending  Physician,  New  York  Dispensary,  1879-81 ; 
Attending  Surgeon,  Metropolitan  Throat  Hospital,  1880- 
86;  Assistant  Surgeon,  71st  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  Y., 
1875-86;  Inspector  Health  Department,  New  York  City, 
1888-94. 
Died  in  New  York,  October  25,  1910,  aged  63  years. 


EDWARD  STRONG  BOGERT 

M.D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1860;  House 
Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  Third  Surgical  Division, 
1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.  at  the  Naval  Hospital, 
N.  Y.;  U.  S.  S.  Congress  and  U.  S.  S.  Cayuga,  with 
Farragut  squadron  and  in  Mississippi  campaign,  1861-64; 
Passed  Assistant  Surgeon  on  U.  S.  S.  Niagara  and  at 


34  (^bittiarp 


Naval  Hospital,  New  York,  1864-66;  Surgeon,  1866-82; 
Medical  Inspector,  1882-89 ;  Medical  Director,  on  service 
in  Mediterranean,  Europe  and  China;  President,  Naval 
Medical  Examining  Board  and  in  charge  U.  S.  Naval 
Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1889-97 ;  retired  1897,  later, 
(1898)  on  recruiting  duty. 

Born  in  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  May  7,  1836;  died  in  New 
York,  February  16,  1911,  aged  74  years. 

ISAIAH  WINDS  CONDICT 

M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.,  1847; 
House  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1850. 

In  practice  in  Succasuna  Plains  and  Dover,  N.  J., 
Member,  State  Society. 

Died  in  Dover,  N.  J.,  July  4,  1911,  aged  93  years. 


MASON   THOMSON 

A.B.,  Princeton,  1873;  A.M.,  1876;  M.D.,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Medical  College,  1876;  House  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  Third  Surgical  Division,  1878;  Attending 
Physician,  New  York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Heart  and 
Lungs,  1880-85 ;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  Children,  1881-83;  Attending  Surgeon,  Eastern  Dis- 
pensary, 1886-87. 

Died  in  New  York,  July  5,  1911,  aged  50  years. 


WILLIAM  SANDERSON  CHEESMAN 

A.B.,  Princeton,  1875 ;  A.M.,  1878  ;M.D.,  Columbia,  1879; 
House  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  Fourth  Medical 
Division,  1880.  In  practice  at  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  till 
1882  and  Auburn,  N.  Y.  since  1882.  Surgeon,  Auburn 
City  Hospital. 


©fattuarp  35 

:  — Bi 

Author  of  "Physical  Exercise,"  Wood's  Ref.  Hndbk. 
Med.  Sci.,  "Expectoration,"  idem ;  "Hallucinations  and 
Illusions."  idem.  Member,  Medical  Society,  State  of 
New  York. 

Died  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  May  5,  1912,  aged  59  years. 


HENRY  ELIJAH  OWEN 

A.B.,  Yale,  1864;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York,  1867.  House  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal, First  Surgical  Division,  1869.  Member,  Medical 
Society,  State  of  New  York  and  American  Medical  As- 
sociation. 

Died  in  New  York,  October  12,  1912,  aged  67  years. 


JOSEPH  CODDINGTON  YOUNG 

M.D.,  Columbia,  1873 ;  House  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal, Third  Medical  Division,  1874.       Curator  St.  Michael's 
Hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Visiting  Physician,  1879;  Visit- 
ing Surgeon,  1888-1913. 
Died  in  Newark,  March  26,  1913,  aged  62  years. 


FRANK  HARTLEY 

A.B.,  Princeton,  1877  ;M.D.,  Columbia,  1880.  At  Anatomi- 
cal Institute,  Leipsic,  1881 ;  House  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  Second  Surgical  Division,  1882;  in  Heidelberg, 
1882 ;  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1882-83 ;  Assistant 
Visiting  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital,  New  York,  1885; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1887-92 ;  New  York 
Hospital,  1892-1913,  also  Babies'  Hospital ;  Consulting 
Surgeon,  French  Hospital,  Italian  Hospital,  Nyack 
Hospital,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Paterson,  N.  J.  and 
White    Plains    Hospital ;    Demonstrator    of    Anatomy, 


36  ®bitwt? 


Columbia,  1883-88 ;  Instructor  in  Operative  Surgery  and 
Professor,  Clinical  Surgery,  later. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  19,  1913,  aged  57  years. 

ROBERT  LITTLE  BRODIE 

A.B.,  College  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  1848;  M.D.,  Medical 
College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  1851 ;  House 
Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1852;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1854-61 ;  Medical  Director,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ; 
later,  President,  Medical  Society  of  South  Carolina; 
Fellow  American  Medical  Association. 

Died  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  October  2,  1913,  aged  84 
years. 


CHARLES  McBURNEY 

A.B.,  Harvard,  1866 ;  A.M.,  1869 ;  M.D.,  Columbia,  1870 ; 
House  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  Second  Surgical 
Division,  1870;  In  Vienna,  Berlin,  London,  Paris,  1871- 
73 ;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1872- 
74;  Demonstrator,  1875-80;  Instructor  in  Operative 
Surgery,  1880-89;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Surgery,  1888 
89 ;  Professor,  1889-92 ;  Professor,  Clinical  Surgery, 
1894-1907;  Emeritus,  1907-13;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Belle- 
vue Hospital,  1882-88;  St.  Luke's,  1875-88;  Roosevelt, 
1888-92;  Consulting  Surgeon,  St.  Luke's  1888-1908; 
Presbyterian,  1887-1908;  Roosevelt,  1900;  New  York, 
1900-08;  New  York  Orthopedic  Dispensary  and  Hospi- 
tal, 1880-1908;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Colored  Home  and 
Hospital,  1887-89;  Consulting,  1889-1908;  Hospital  for 
Ruptured  and  Crippled,  1889-1908. 

Honorary  Fellow,  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  Edin- 
borough;  Member  College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia; 


&bituarp  37 

■  — 

Societie  de  Chirurgie,  Paris;  Roman  Medical  Society; 
Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  Constantinople;  American 
Medical  Association ;  Medical  Society  State  of  New 
York;  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  1889-1913; 
Vice-President,  1892-1895. 

Died  suddenly  in  Brookline,  Mass.,  November  7,  1913, 
aged  68  years. 


CHARLES  PHELPS 

A.B.,  Brown,  1853;  A.M.,  1855;  M.D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  1858;  House  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  Second  and  Third  Surgical  Divisions,  1859. 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  1861-63 ;  Volunteer  Surgeon  on  U.  S.  Transport 
S.  S.  "Argo"  which  was  designated  to  meet  the  "Merimac" 
before  arrival  of  the  "Monitor"  1861 ;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
St.  Vincent's  Hospital,  1870-1910;  Bellevue  Hospital, 
1878-1906;  Consulting  Surgeon,  St.  Vincent's,  1910-1913; 
Bellevue  Hospital,  1906-1913;  Chief  Surgeon,  Police 
Department,  New  York,  1885-1909;  President,  Society 
of  Alumni  Bellevue  Hospital,  1890-91 ;  Fellow  New  York 
Academy  of  Medicine,  1891-1913 ;  President  New  York 
State  Medical  Association;  author  of  "Traumatic 
Injuries  of  the  Brain"  8vo.,  pp.  600,  Appleton  &  Co.,  1st 
ed.  1897 ;  2d  ed.  1900.    Retired  from  Practice  1909. 

Born  in  Milford,  Mass.,  December  12,  1834;  died  in 
New  York  City,  December  30,  1913,  aged  79  years. 


38  Beatfj  ftoll 


DEATH  ROLL 

WILLIS  WALTON  FRENCH,  A.B,  M.D. 

Fourth  Surgical  Division,  1885. 

Died  in  New  York,  March  11,  1888,  aged  31  years. 
JAMES  DICKIE  GALT,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1856. 

Died  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  September  10,  1888,  aged  57  years. 
BENJAMIN  JOSEPH  HARLAN,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1875. 

Died  in  New  York,  May  25,  1889,  aged  41  years. 
JOSEPH  WILLIAM  HOWE,  M.D. 

Third  Surgical  Division,  1867. 

Died  at  Sea,  June  7,  1890,  aged  47  years. 
EDMUND  RHETT  WALKER,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1859. 

Died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  September  30,  1891,  aged  55  years. 
WASHINGTON  FREEMAN  PECK,  A.M,  M.D., 

First  Surgical  Division,  1863. 

Died  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  December  12,  1891,  aged  50  years. 
RUTSON  MAURY,  B.S.,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1888. 

Died  in  New  York,  May  5,  1892,  aged  27  years. 
ELIJAH  CLARK  KINNEY,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1859. 

Died  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  October  19,  1892,  aged  63  years. 
ROBERT  WARREN  GREENE,  A. B., A.M., M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1889. 

Died  in  New  York,  October  29,  1892,  aged  32  years. 

JAMES  HALSEY  HUNT,  M.D. 
First  Surgical  Division,  1874. 
Died  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  December  20, 1892,  aged  43  years. 

WILLIAM  COOLIDGE  STONE,  M.D. 
Third  Medical  Division,  1882. 
Died  in  Lakewood,  N.  J.,  February  5,  1893,  aged  36  years. 

WILLIAM  LEE,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1864. 
'   Died  in  Washington,  D.C.,  March  2,  1893,  aged  52  years. 

WILLIAM  RICE  BALLOU,  M.D. 
Fourth  Surgical  Division,  1888. 
Died  in  Thomasville,  Ga.,  March  8,  1893,  aged  28  years. 


Beati)  &oU  39 


CLARENCE  GLISAN,  A.B.,  M.D. 
Second  Surgical  Division,  1892. 
Died  in  Portland,  Oregon,  August  20,  1893,  aged  25  years. 

REUBEN  ALESHIRE  VANCE.  M.D. 
Third  Surgical  Division,  1868. 
Died  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  March  19,  1894,  aged  49  years. 

HENRY  GOLDTHWAITE,  A.B.,  M.D. 
Second  Medical  Division,  1876. 
Died  in  New  York,  January  4,  1895,  aged  53  years. 

MATTHEW  DICKINSON  FIELD,  A.B.,  M.D. 

First  Surgical  Division,  1880. 

Died  in  New  York,  March  8,  1895,  aged  42  years. 

ALEXANDER  BARNETT  POPE,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1886. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  12,  1895,  aged  35  years. 
RICHARD  C.  VAN  WYCK,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1869. 

Died  at  Mitchell  Station,  Va.,  January  28,  1896,  aged  52  years. 
THOMAS  HERRING  BURCHARD,  A. B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1873. 

Died  in  New  York,  November  14,  1896,  aged  48  years. 
CLARK  WRIGHT,  Ph.B.,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1888. 

Died  in  New  York,  March  16,  1897,  aged  37  years. 
JOHN  BLAIR  GIBBS,  A.B.,  M.D.,  U.S.N. 

First  Surgical  Division,  1883. 

Killed  at  Guantanamo,  Cuba,  June  12,  1898,  aged  40  years. 

RICHARD  CHANNING  MOORE  PAGE,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1869. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  19,  1898,  aged  57  years. 
ALBERT  HENRY  LEYTON,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1888. 

Died  in  New  York,  January  2,  1899,  aged  36  years. 

JULIUS  AUGUSTUS  ROTH,  A.B.,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1883. 

Died  in  New  York,  January  15,  1899,  aged  40  years. 
JOHN  RICHARD  CONWAY,  M.D. 

Fourth  Surgical  Division,  1884. 

Died  in  New  York,  April  22,  1899,  aged  36  years. 

JOHN  ALEXANDER  McCREERY,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D.,  M.R.C.S. 
First  Medical  Division,  1872. 
Died  in  New  York,  November  10,  1899,  aged  50  years. 


4o  Beat!)  &oH 


JESSE  WILLIAM  LAZEAR,  A.B.,  M.D.,  U.S.A. 
First  Medical  Division,  1893. 
Died  in  Quemados,  Cuba,  September  28,  1900,  aged  34  years. 

LEROY  JUSTUS  BROOKS,  M.D. 
First  Surgical  Division,  1874. 
Died  in  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  December  11,  1900,  aged  50  years. 

EDWARD  FARRELL,  A.B.,  M.D. 
Second  Surgical  Division,  1866. 
Died  in  Halifax,  N.  S.,  January  1,  1901,  aged  57  years. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  DRAPER,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 
Second  Medical  Division,  1856. 
Died  in  New  York,  April  26,  1901,  aged  70  years. 

CALVIN  TERRIBERRY,  M.D. 
Third  Surgical  Division,  1874. 
Died  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  June  9,  1901,  aged  51  years. 

DAVID  MAGIE  CORY,  M.D. 
Third  Surgical  Division,  1867. 
Died  in  Rye,  N.  Y.,  August  19,  1901,  aged  58  years. 

WILLIAM  MALCOLM  JAMES,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1863. 

Died  in  Whitesboro,  N.  Y.,  August  26,  1901,  aged  62  years. 
CHARLES  GEORGE  SPROULL,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1895. 

Died  in  New  York,  January  24,  1902,  aged  34  years. 
HENRY  RUTGERS  BALDWIN,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D.,  L.L.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1854. 

Died  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  February  3,  1902,  aged  73  years. 
WILLIAM  WARING  JOHNSTON,  M.D. 

First  Surgical  Division,  1866. 

Died  in  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  March  21,  1902,  aged  59  years. 
MAURICE  BARING  EARLY,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1873. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  20,  1902,  aged  54  years. 
NATHANIEL  P.  WASHBURN,  Ph. B.,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1893. 

Died  in  San  Antonio,  Texas,  June  22,  1903. 
PHANETT  COE  BARKER,  A.M.  (hon.)  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1861. 

Died  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  August  21,  1903,  aged  68  years. 

DAVID  FRANKLIN,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1879. 

Died  in  New  York,  October  5,  1903,  aged  48  years. 


iBeatfj  &oll  41 


JAMES  FRANCIS  FERGUSON,  M.D. 
Surgical  Division,  1861. 
Died  in  Central  Valley,  N.  Y.,  January  7,  1904,  aged  65  years. 

HENRY  LYLE  SMITH,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  and  Surgical  Divisions,  1866. 

Died  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  February  11,  1904,  aged  60  years. 

DAVID  LYNDE  WALLACE,  M.D. 
First  Surgical  Division,  1876. 
Died  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  February  29,  1904,  aged  48  years. 

JOHN  METCALF  POLK,  M.D. 
Second  Medical  Division,  1903. 
Died  in  New  York,  March  29,  1904,  aged  28  years. 

ARTHUR  MAXWELL  LINE,  M.D. 
Second  Surgical  Division,  1901 . 
Died  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  May  29,  1904,  aged  33  years. 

EDWARD  WILBERFORCE  LAMBERT,  A. B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 
First  Medical  Division,  1858. 
Died  in  New  York,  July  18,  1904,  aged  73  years. 

ROBERT  MILBANK,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1880. 

Died  in  Greenwich,  Conn . ,  August  4,  1904,  aged  66  years . 
WILLIAM  RICE  PRYOR,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1882. 

Died  in  New  York,  August  26,  1904,  aged  46  years. 
WILLIAM  HAMMET  MARTIN,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1862. 

Died  in  New  York,  September  3,  1904,  aged  64  years. 
GEORGE  SEYMOUR  CONANT,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1879. 

Died  in  New  York,  September  23,  1904,  aged  51  years. 
HENRY  MUNSON  LYMAN,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Third  Surgical  Division,  1862. 

Died  in  Evanston,  Illinois,  November  21,  1904,  aged  68  years. 
FRANCIS  DANIELS  EDGERTON,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1866. 

Died  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  January  19,  1905,  aged  67  years. 

JOHN  ROBINSON  BUIST,  A.B.,  M.D.,  M.R.M.S.  Edin. 

First  Medical  Division,  1858. 

Died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  October  24,  1905,  aged  71  years. 
ISAAC  JACOB  SENIOR,  A. B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Medical  Division,  1851. 

Died  in  Curacoa,  D.  W.  I.,  January  1,  1906,  aged  78  years. 


42  Beat!)  &oll 


ADOLPH  WILLIAM  BERLE,  B.S.,  M.D. 
Second  Medical  Division,  1886. 
Died  in  New  York,  March  26,  1906,  aged  45  years. 

CHARLES  PAGE,  M.D.,  Asst.  Sur.-Gen.,  U.  S.  A. 
Surgical  Division,  1851. 
Died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  September  15,  1906,  aged  78  years. 

GLOVER  CRANE  ARNOLD,  M.D. 
Third  Surgical  Division,  1874. 
Died  in  New  York,  November  20,  1906,  aged  57  years. 

JAMES  CLARKE  THOMAS,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 
Second  Medical  Division,  1868. 
Died  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  February  20,  1907,  aged  63  years. 

SOLLACE  MITCHELL,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Third  Surgical  Division,  1886. 

Died  in  Readville,  Maine,  May  15,  1907,  aged  48  years. 
GUY  DAVENPORT  LOMBARD,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1898. 

Died  in  New  York,  May  22,  1907,  aged  35  years. 

SENECA  DANIEL  POWELL,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1871. 

Died  in  New  York,  August  24,  1907,  aged  59  years. 
SAMUEL  LEWENGOOD,  M.D. 

Fourth  Surgical  Division,  1883. 

Died  in  New  York,  September  9,  1907,  aged  46  years. 
HENRY  PATTERSON  LOOMIS,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1884. 

Died  in  New  York,  December  22,  1907,  aged  48  years. 
DUDLEY  DUNN  SAUNDERS,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1857. 

Died  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  February  23,  1908,  aged  73  years. 
ROBERT  WATTS,  Jr.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1895. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  8,  1908,  aged  41  years. 
WALTER  ROB  ARTS  GILLETTE,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Second  Medical  Division,  1864. 

Died  in  New  York,  November  7,  1908,  aged  68  years. 

WILLIAM  TILLINGHAST  BULL,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 
First  Surgical  Division,  1873. 
Died  in  Wymberly,  Ga.,  February  22,  1909,  aged  59  years. 

ROBERT  ALEXANDER  MURRAY,  B.S.,  M.D. 
Second  Medical  Division,  1875. 
Died  in  New  York,  February  27,  1909,  aged  57  years. 


Jieatf)  &oll  43 


JAMES  STAFFORD,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1888. 

Died  in  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  August  3,  1909,  aged  48  years. 
JAMES  BROWN  BURNET,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1868. 

Died  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  September  7,  1909,  aged  66  years. 

JAMES  OAKLEY  PINGRY,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 
Third  Surgical  Division,  1870. 
Died  in  Millbrook,  N.  Y.,  April  10,  1910,  aged  66  years. 

HENRY  GRANGER  PIFFARD,  A.B..A.M.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1865. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  8,  1910,  aged  67  years. 

ABRAM  BROTHERS,  B.S.,  M.D. 
First  Medical  Division,  1885. 
Died  in  New  York,  October  13,  1910,  aged  48  years. 

JOHN  EDWIN  ALLEN,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1876. 

Died  in  New  York,  October  25,  1910,  aged  63  years. 
FREDERICK  HOLME  WIGGIN,  M.D. 

Third  Surgical  Division,  1878. 

Died  in  Flushing,  N.  Y.,  October  28,  1910,  aged  57  years. 
SAMUEL  ALEXANDER,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1883. 

Died  in  New  York,  November  27,  1910,  aged  52  years. 
EDWARD  STRONG  BOGERT,  M.D.,  Med.  Div.,  U.  S.  N. 

Third  Surgical  Division,  1861. 

Died  in  New  York,  February  16,  1911,  aged  74  years. 
ISAIAH  WINDS  CONDICT,  M.D. 

Medical  Division,  1850. 

Died  in  Dover,  N.  J.,  July  4,  1911,  aged  93  years. 
MASON  THOMSON,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Third  Surgical  Division,  1878. 

Died  in  New  York,  July  6,  1911,  aged  50  years. 
STEPHEN  PIERSON,  A.M.,  M.D. 

First  Medical  Division,  1870. 

Died  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  August  10,  1911,  aged  67  years. 
STARLING  LOVING,  M.D.,  L.L.D. 

Surgical  Division,  1850. 

Died  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  September  2,  1911,  aged  83  years. 
WILLIAM  SANDERSON  CHEESMAN,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Fourth  Medical  Division,  1880. 

Died  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  May  5,  1912,  aged  59  years. 


44  Beatfj  &oU 


HENRY  ELIJAH  OWEN,  A.B.,  M.D. 

First  Surgical  Division,  1869. 

Died  in  New  York,  October  12,  1912,  aged  67  years. 
JOSEPH  CODDINGTON  YOUNG,  M.D. 

Third  Medical  Division,  1874. 

Died  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  March  26,  1913,  aged  62  years. 

FRANK  HARTLEY,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1882. 

Died  in  New  York,  June  19,  1913,  aged  57  years. 
ROBERT  LITTLE  BRODIE,  A.B.,  M.D. 

Medical  Division,  1852. 

Died  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  October  2,  1913,  aged  84  years. 
CHARLES  McBURNEY,  A.B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Second  Surgical  Division,  1870. 

Died  in  Brookline,  Mass.,  November  7,  1913,  68  years. 
CHARLES  PHELPS,  A. B.,  A.M.,  M.D. 

Second  and  Third  Surgical  Divisions,  1859. 

Died  in  New  York,  December  30,  1913,  aged  79  years. 

HONORARY  MEMBERS. 

JOHN  MANUEL  BYRON,  M.D. 

University  of  Naples,  1877. 

Died  in  New  York,  May  8,  1895,  aged  33  years. 
STUART  ELDRIDGE,  M.D.,  U.S.M.H.S. 

Died  in  Yokohoma,  Japan,  1901. 

PERMANENT  ASSOCIATE  MEMBERS. 

STUART  DOUGLAS,  M.D. 

Resident  Physician,  Insane  Pavilion. 

Died  in  New  York,  October  14,  1894,  aged  33  years. 

GEORGE  RYERSON  FOWLER,  M.D. 

Died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  February  6,  1906,  aged  57  years. 


J2eto  Jfflemfcerg 


Add  to  Resident  Active  Members 
Thompson,  W.  Gilman 61  West  49th  St.,  New  York 

Add  to  N on-Resident  Active  Members 

Justin,  Arthur  William  548  Humbolt  St.,  Union  Hill,  N.  J. 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1913 

Wurtele,  Frederick  Josias   North  Platte,  Neb. 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1909 


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-Program*  45 

programs 


October  4th,  1911. 

Installation   of  the   President-Elect  and  of  the  Standing  Com- 
mittees. 

Floyd  M.   Crandall,  M.D. 

President's  Address. 

H.   Seymour  Houghton,  M.D. 

Discussion  on  the  Work  of  the  Society. 

Joseph  D.  Bryant,  M.D. 

November  1st,  1911. 

Resolutions    upon    the    death    of    Starling    Loving,    M.D.    and 

Stephen  Pierson,  M.D. 
Report  on  Fulguration  of  papillary  growths  of  the  bladder,  with 

presentation  of  patients  (7  cases.) 

J.  F.  McCarthy,  M.D. 

The  Paper  of  the  Evening: 
Cardiospasm:    Its  general  considerations. 

John  E.  Erdmann,  M.D. 

December  6th,  1911. 

The  Paper  of  the  Evening: 
Some  Recent  Advances  in  Sewage  Disposal. 

Clyde  Potts,  C.  E. ;  M.  Am.  Soc.  C.  E. 

(by  invitation.) 

January  3rd,  1912. 

Presentation  of  a  Case  of  Thoracic  Aneurism  Treated  with  Gold 
Wire  and  Galvanism. 

W.  C.  Lusk,  M.D. 
Paper: 
Local  Anesthesia  in  Major  Surgery. 

A.  S.  Morrow,  M.D. 
The  Paper  of  the  Evening: 
The  Neurologist  and  the  Surgeon. 

Robert  T.  Morris,  M.D. 


46  programs 


February  7th,  1912. 

The  Paper  of  the  Evening: 
Post-operative     Gastro-Enteric      Paresis,     with     Cinematograph 
Demonstration    of   the   Action   of   Drugs   on  the    Peristaltic 
Movements  of  the  Intestines. 

James  Taft  Pilcher,  M.D. 

March  6th,  1912. 

Paper: 
The  Significance  of  an  Acid  Gastric  Juice  in  the  Fasting  Stomach. 

Harold  Barclay,  M.D. 
The  Paper  of  the  Evening: 
Operative  and  Post-operative  Treatment  of  Appendicitus. 

Parker  Syms,  M.D. 

April  3rd,  1912. 

Paper: 
Clinical  Observations  on  Morphinism  and  its  Treatment. 

Ernest  S.  Bishop,  M.D. 
A  Consideration  of  Gas  Bacillus  Infections  with  Special  Refer- 
ence to  Treatment. 

Walter  C.  Cramp,  M.D. 

May  1st,  1912. 
Paper:  {A.) 

Management  of  Occiput  Posterior. 

Frederick  W.  Rice,  M.D. 
Paper:  (B.) 
The  Treatment  of  Eclampsia. 

Harold  C.  Bailey,  M.D. 

May  29th,  1912. 

Presentation  of  Cases: 
I.     a.     Cerebro-Spinal  Syphilis. 
b.     Charcot  Joint. 

Clarence  G.  Bandler,  M.D. 
II.     c.     A  Case  of  Elephantiasis. 
b.     A  Case  of  Extrophy. 

J.  F.  McCarthy,  M.D. 


programs!  47 


III.     Paper:     Vesical  Neoplasms.     Their  Diagnosis  and  Treat- 
ment.     (Lantern  Slide  Demonstration.) 

J.  F.  McCarthy,  M.D. 

October  2nd,  1912. 

The  Paper  of  the  Evening: 
Mechanism  of  Narcotic  Addiction.  Emest  g    Bishop>  M  D 

November  6th,  1912. 

Presentation  of  Patients. 

Case  of  Restoration  of  Entire  Nose  by  Rhinoplasty  and  Bone 
Transplantation. 

W.  W.  Carter,  M.D. 
Paper: 
Artificial  Feeding  of  Infants. 

Ward  Bryant  Hoag,  M.D. 

-  December  4th,  1912. 
Paper: 
Preserving    the    Sphincters    in    the    Treatment    of    Fissure    and 
Fistula.  Gustavus  A.  Humphreys,  M.D. 

January  8th,  1913. 

Installation  of   the   President-El ect  and  of  the   Standing  Com- 
mittees. H.   Seymour  Houghton,  M.D. 

President's  Address. 

Henry  Mann  Silver,  M.D. 

Paper: 
The  Control  and  Prevention  of  Compensation  in  Cardiac  Disease, 
with  Lantern  Demonstrations. 

Charles  E.  Quimby,  M.D. 

February  Sth,  1913. 

A  Contribution  to  the  Etiology  of  Pernicious  Anaemia. 

James  T.  Pilcher,  M.D. 
Paper: 
Later  Notes  on  the  Subject  of  Loose  Kidney. 

Robert  T.  Morris,  M.D. 


48  -program? 


March  5th,  1913. 

Report  of  a  Case  of  Syphilis  of  the  Eye. 

J.  H.  Woodward,  M.D. 

Paper: 
Consideration   and  Treatment  of   Malignant   Conditions   of  the 
Colon. 

John  F.  Erdmann,  M.D. 

Pathology  and  Laboratory  Aids  in  Diagnosis  of  Malignant 
Conditions  of  the  Colon. 

Frederic  E'.  Sondeon,  M.D. 

(by  invitation.) 

Lantern  Illustration:  Radiographic  Indications  of  Colonic  Ob- 
struction and  Points  of  Differentiation  between  Malignant 
and  Non-malignant  Lesions. 

Lewis  Gregory  Cole,  M.D. 
(by  invitation.) 

April  2nd,   1913. 

Clinical  Meeting  held  at  Bellevue  Hospital. 
I.     Presentation  of  New  Instruments. 

a.  An    Improved   Aspirating   Endoscope    for    Bladder   and 

Deep  Urethra. 

b.  An  Improved  Prismatic  Cystoscope  and  Deep  Urethro- 

scope. 
Demonstration    of    Use    of    Above    Instruments    to    Small 
Groups  in  a  Side  Room. 

Joseph  Francis  McCarthy,  M.D. 
11.     Presentation  of  Patients. 

a.  Medical  Divisions. 

Edmund  Le  Roy  Dow,  M.D. 
W.  Gilman  Thompson,  M.D. 
Samuel  Albertus  Brown,  M.D. 
Alexander  Lambert,  M.D. 

b.  Pediatric  Division. 

Linnaeus  Edford  La  Fetra,  M.D. 
(by  invitation . ) 

c.  Surgical  Divisions. 

Lucius  Wales  Hotchkiss,  M.D. 
George  Woolsey,  M.D. 
George  David  Stewart,  M.D. 
Howard  Lilienthal,  M.D. 

(by  invitation.) 


programs  49 


III.     The  Roll  of  the  Roentgen  Examination  in  the  Diagnosis 
of  Obscure  Conditions. 

Isaac  Seth  Hirsch,  M.D. 
(by  invitation.) 

May  14th,  1913. 

Paper: 
The  Freudian  Conception  of  the  Psychoneuroses. 

Horace  Westake  Frink,  M.D. 
The  Technique  of  Psychoanalysis. 

Clarence  Paul  Oberndorf,  M.D. 

June  4th,  1913. 

Paper: 
Oedema  in  Infants  not  due  to  Nephritis. 

Henry  Dwight  Chapin,  M.D. 
Meningitis  and  Meningismus  in  Pneumonia  of  Children. 

Francis  Huber,  M.D. 

October  1st,  1913. 

Paper: 
Joint  Symptoms  Following  the  Use  of  Serum  Therapy. 

Wisner  R.  Townsend,  M.D. 
The  Importance  of  Early  Diagnosis  in  the   Prevention  of  De- 
formity in  Joint  Disease. 

Reginald  H.   Sayre,  M.D. 
Reading  of  the  Annual  Prize  Essay— "The  Acidosis  Index.     A 
Method  of  Determination  for  the  Use  of  the  General  Practi- 
tioner, by  Means  of  a  Universal  Colorimeter." 

November  Sth,  1913. 

Clinical  Meeting  held  at  Bellevue  Hospital. 
1st  Medical  Division.  Frank  Erdwurm,  M.D. 

o.     Demonstration     of     Artificial     Pneumothorax    by     Filling 

the  Pleural  Cavity  with  Nitrogen  Gas. 
b.     Lantern  Exhibition  of  X-Ray  Slides  of  Filled  Chests. 

4th  Medical  Division.  Chas.   E.  Nammack,  M.D. 

o.     Progressive  Muscular  Dystrophy. 
b.     Syringomyelia  Morvan's  Type. 


50  programs! 


Poycopathic  Division.  M.   S.  Gregory,  M.D. 

(by  invitation.) 

a.  Depression    (Maniac-Depressive  Psychosis)   in  a  Child  of 

Ten  Years  with  Some  Remarks  on  the  Psychoses  of 
Childhood. 

b.  Tabes    Dorsalis,    with    Superimposed    Melancholia:    Fre- 

quently Mistaken  for  General  Paralysis. 

1st  Surgical  Division.  John  B.  Walker,  M.D. 

a.  Localization  of  Foreign  Bodies  by  Surface  Markings. 

b.  Pansinusities  of  Nasal  Sinuses. 

c.  Old  Outward  Dislocation  of  Elbow. 

d.  Operation  for  Old  Fracture  of  Oscalcis. 

2nd  Surgical  Division.  John  A.  Hartwell,  M.D. 

a.  Jejunal  Ulcer:  Secondary  to  Gastroenterostomy. 

b.  Epithelioma  of  the  Tongue. 

Roentgen  Ray  Department  T.  S.  Hirsch,  M.D. 

(by  invitation.) 
The  Roentgen  Ray  Diagnosis  of  Oesophageal  Diseases. 

December  3rd,  1913. 

1st  Paper.  Julius  H.  Woodward,  M.D. 

Ophthalmological  Signs  of  Posterior  Spinal  Schlerosis. 

2nd  Paper.  Robert  T.  Morris,  M.D. 

Adventitious  Tissues  in  the  Peritoneal  Cavity. 


$rt?e  Cstfap  5 1 


THE  ACIDOSIS  INDEX. 

(Awarded  the  Annual  Prize  for  1913) 

A  Method  of  Determination,  for  the  Use  of  the  General 
Practitioner  by  Means  of  a  Universal  Colorimeter. 

"There  is  nothing  truly  valuable  which  can  be 
purchased  without  pain  and  labor." — Tattler 

If  we  were  to  chose  a  text  for  this  paper,  we  probably 
could  do  no  better  than  to  quote  a  sentence  from  Sir 
William  Osier's  introduction  to  his  Modern  Medicine,  as 
it  has  in  it  the  very  essence  of  what  I  have  tried  to  bring 
out  in  the  first  few  pages  to  follow.  Under  the  heading, 
"The  Evolution  of  Internal  Medicine,"  he  says,  "Just  as 
the  clinical  laboratory  is  a  necessity  to  the  hospital 
physician  engaged  in  the  solution  of  the  most  advanced 
problems  in  medicine,  so  the  private  laboratory  is  in- 
dispensable in  the  every-day  work  of  the  busy  practi- 
tioner." Once  having  been  wedded  to  the  laboratory  in 
our  hospital  work,  the  partnership  becomes  vitally  es- 
sential, and  ignorance  alone  can  make  us  insensible  to  its 
loss. 

Knowing  that  instances  of  cure  are  exceedingly  rare  in 
certain  chronic  diseases,  in  many  cases  the  general  practi- 
tioner takes  the  attitude  of  sympathetic  tolerance  and 
indifference,  dismissing  his  patient  with  a  few  text-book 
directions  on  diet  and  hygiene,  and  with  orders  to  report 
at  irregular  intervals  with  a  specimen  of  urine  for 
routine  qualitative  analysis.  Losing  sight  of  the  pos- 
sibility of  prolonging  life,  looking  only  at  the  ultimate 
outcome,  how  many  of  us  turn  our  attentions  to  the  acute 
illnesses  of  known  etiology,  preferring  to  consider  the 
more  obscure  chronic  conditions  as  playthings  of  extreme 
interest  to  the   detail   laboratory   man   and  physiologic 


52  $ri?e  €a£ap 

\-  : 

chemist,  but  as  far  too  complex  and  hopeless  for  us  who 
dub  ourselves  practical  men.  We  have  allowed  ourselves 
to  become  confused  in  the  entangled  maze  of  experi- 
mental reports  constantly  appearing  in  our  journals;  we 
have  turned  back  when  confronted  by  bewildering  organic 
formulae  and  theories  of  pathological  metabolism,  and 
have  left  to  the  well  equipped  laboratories  the  long, 
careful  quantative  estimations,  so  helpful  in  following 
the  progress  of  our  case.  As  a  result,  in  general  practice 
the  chronic  case  is  usually  avoided,  treated  indifferently, 
or  sent  to  a  hospital  where  responsibility  may  be  shifted 
on  to  the  hospital  staff. 

But  can  the  responsibility  be  shifted?  In  summing 
up  the  few  cases  of  diabetes  mellitus  that  I  have  had 
opportunity  to  work  over,  the  hospital  histories  may  be 
generalized  somewhat  as  follows : 

At  the  advice  of  his  physician,  patient  A  enters 
the  hospital  with  well  marked  signs  and  symptoms  of 
diabetes  mellitus.  Previous  records  often  show  that 
he  has  been  at  some  hospital  at  some  previous  date 
for  treatment  of  the  same  condition.  Enthusiastic 
members  of  the  hospital  staff,  after  careful  labora- 
tory estimations,  place  the  patient  on  a  diet  which  is 
checked  by  laboratory  reports.  Every  detail  is 
carefully  worked  out.  Improvement  probably  takes 
place,  when,  suddenly,  the  patient  decides  to  leave. 
He  may  object  to  the  treatment,  it  may  be  a  question 
of  time  or  expense,  the  fact  remains,  however,  the 
patient  leaves.  All  the  careful  work,  the  elaborate 
charts,  the  painstaking  feeding,  as  far  as  the  patient 
goes,  is  probably  for  naught,  for  he  immediately  goes 
on  a  carbohydrate  debauch  and  sooner  or  later  seeks 
his  family  physician  in  about  the  same  condition  as 
when  he  entered  the  hospital. 


The  responsibility,  therefore,  returns  to  the  general 
practitioner,  and  it  is  for  him  to  regulate  the  life  of 
this  man  who  refuses  to  spend  the  remainder  of  his 
days  in  the  wards  of  a  hospital. 

Diabetes  mellitus  is  a  striking  example  of  that  type  of 
disease  which  can  be  made  to  pause  in  its  relentless  march 
by  proper  treatment,  and  the  end  postponed  for  months 
and  at  times  for  years.  Considerable  advance  has  been 
made  of  late  concerning  its  causes  and  we  have  developed 
a  method  of  feeding  whereby  we  can  to  a  certain  degree 
control  the  sugar  output  and  influence  the  acidosis,  there- 
by prolonging  the  life  of  the  individual.  However,  the 
influence  of  a  strict  diet  may  be  decidedly  detrimental, 
and  tend  only  to  hasten  the  fatal  termination.  Without 
a  laboratory  check,  therefore,  we  group  as  one  in  the 
dark  and  often  find  the  dreaded  Coma  the  only  reward 
for  our  efforts.  Coma,  particularly  in  the  young,  is  the 
termination  in  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  cases  of 
diabetes  mellitus,  coming  on  sometimes  slowly,  sometimes 
swiftly,  but  never  unannounced  to  him  who  is  watching 
for  it.  Naunyn  reports  nineteen  cases  of  Coma  out  of 
forty-four  fatal  cases  of  diabetes  mellitus ;  Frerichs 
reports  one  hundred  and  fifty  out  of  two  hundred  and 
fifty  fatal  cases;  Taylor,  twenty-six  out  of  forty-three; 
Mackenzie,  nineteen  out  of  eighty-seven ;  Williamson, 
twenty-eight  out  of  forty.     (Osier.) 

Von  Norden,  in  "Newer  Aspects  of  Diabetes"  says, 
"the  observation  that  diabetic  Coma  is  coincident  with 
excretion  of  large  quantities  of  acetone  bodies  has  lead 
us  to  consider  the  acetone  bodies  the  most  dangerous 
enemies  of  diabetics."  "Coma,"  the  manifestation  of  a 
profound  intoxication,  "is  an  almost  hopeless  complica- 
tion." (Osier.)  Since  Coma  spells  the  end  in  so  many 
of  our  diabetic  cases,  since  it  is  not  only  coincident  with, 


54  $ri^  Cssap 

but  also  preceded  by  acidosis,  is  it  not  important,  then, 
that  the  estimation  of  the  degree  of  acidosis  be  made 
when  by  this  method  we  can  anticipate  Coma  and  thus 
prolong  a  possible  useful  life  by  proper  treatment? 

The   presence   of    Beta-oxybutyric   acid    and    diacetic 
acid  is  usually  of  serious  import,  but  in  a  great  many 
cases   diacetic   acid   may   be   present    for   months   with 
apparently   no    serious    consequences.      A    case    in    Dr. 
Alexander  Lambert's  wards  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  while 
I  was  intern,  was  a  striking  example  of  this  condition. 
The  patient,  Case  I,  was  sent  into  Ward  B3  by  an 
outside  physician  with  a  history  of  long  standing 
diabetes  mellitus.     On  admission,  sugar  and  acetone 
bodies  were  found  present  in  large  quantities  in  his 
urine.     Under  treatment,  the  patient  gained  weight, 
constitutional    symptoms    disappeared,    but    despite 
every  effort  tests  for  acetone  and  diacetic  acid  were 
always  strongly  positive.     Finally  the  patient  left, 
much  improved  but   with   sugar  and   diacetic  acid 
still  present  in  his  urine. 

The  diabetic,  therefore,  develops  what  may  be  termed 
an  "acidosis  tolerance"  within  the  limits  of  which  he  may 
improve  and  enjoy  life.  As  this  degree  of  tolerance 
varies  with  the  individual,  it  is  quite  important  then  that 
the  danger  point  be  ascertained  in  order  that  the  physi- 
cian may  know  just  where  his  patient  stands  as  regards 
acidosis  tolerance,  and  be  ready  to  treat  any  increase 
without  forcing  the  patient  needlessly  to  undergo  treat- 
ment for  acidosis  when  he  is  within  his  limit  of  tolerance. 
Again,  knowing  the  limit  of  tolerance,  how  readily  can 
the  effect  of  a  change  of  diet  or  medication  on  the 
acidosis  be  noted  and  how  quickly  can  the  error  be 
remedied  if  such  a  change  tends  to  increase  the  acidosis? 


3$vi}t  Cssap  55 


That,  during  change  of  diet  or  medication,  the  patient 
should  be  carefully  watched  as  regards  his  acidosis,  is 
emphasized  by  the  following  case : 

Case  II  entered  Ward  A2  about  the  same  time  that 
Case  I,  referred  to,  was  under  observation.  He  also 
had  a  typical  diabetic  history,  and,  on  admission, 
was  excreting  acetone  bodies  in  large  amounts. 
Under  careful  dieting  the  patient  gained  weight, 
constitutional  symptoms  disappeared,  and  he  was 
thinking  seriously  of  leaving  the  hospital.  His  urine, 
during  the  several  weeks  he  was  under  observation, 
showed  the  persistent  presence  of  acetone  bodies. 
At  this  time  I  attempted  to  follow  out  Hart's  method 
of  quantative  estimation  of  diacetic  acid  with  a  modi- 
fied apparatus,  but  because  of  an  error  in  the  original 
article  the  standard  solution  did  not  give  the  required 
color  reaction.  An  attempt  to  reduce  the  sugar 
present  by  giving  the  patient  Fowler's  solution,  as 
suggested  in  Forcheimer's  treatment,  resulted  in  a 
rapid  increased  acidosis,  Coma  and  death. 

If,  when  the  treatment  with  Fowler's  Solution  was 
begun,  a  simple  method  of  measuring  the  increased 
acidosis  had  been  at  hand  I  feel  confident  that  we 
could  have  stopped  the  treatment  in  time  to  prevent 
the  Coma,  provided  that  we  had  known  the  patient's 
acidosis  tolerance  from  previous  observations. 
Granted  that  the  responsibility  for  the  welfare  of  the 
diabetic  rests  largely  with  the  general  practitioner,  that 
in  the  estimation  of  the  acidosis  index  he  has  a  method 
of  anticipating  approaching  Coma,  and  that  by  anticipat- 
ing Coma  he  can  prolong  his  patient's  life  in  many  cases, 
the  only  conclusion  that  can  be  drawn  is  that  the  general 
practitioner  must,  in  order  to  conscientiously  follow  his 
patient,  estimate  at  frequent  intervals  the  acidosis  index, 


56  $kt?e  Cstfap 

daily  estimations  being  necessary  when  the  acidosis  toler- 
ance is  exceeded,  when  changes  in  diet  or  medication 
are  being  made,  or  while  the  patient  is  suffering  from 
some  acute  illness. 

If  the  busy  practitioner  is  to  determine  the  acidosis 
index,  how  shall  he  do  it?  Glancing  over  the  various 
methods  for  the  quantitative  determination  of  the  acitone 
bodies  in  urine,  we  find  several  among  which  are  (1) 
the  quantitative  estimation  of  the  bases  and  inorganic 
acids;  (2)  the  direct  estimation  of  acetone  and  diacetic 
acid  by  Messenger's  method;  (3)  the  polariscopic 
method;  and  (4)  the  estimation  of  the  increased  amount 
of  ammonia.  The  same  objections,  in  the  main,  apply 
to  all  these  methods;  they  take  time,  special  skill,  and 
complex  apparatus.  The  ammonia  determination  is  used 
more  frequently  than  the  other  methods  but  is  subject  to 
many  errors,  and  cannot  be  used  when  the  patient  is 
taking  alkalies.  So,  if  quantitative  laboratory  estima- 
tions are  to  become  popular,  methods  must  be  devised 
that  are  simple,  inexpensive,  and  time  saving.  In  the 
Esbach  albuminometer  we  have  such  an  apparatus  and 
since  its  advent  puerperal  toxaemia  has  been  carefully 
and  scientifically  treated  by  all  conscientious  physicians, 
and  the  course  of  an  acute  nephritis  intelligently  follow- 
ed. If  the  quantitative  estimation  of  albumen  has  aided 
the  general  practitioner  in  anticipating  approaching 
eclampsia,  why  should  not  the  estimation  of  the  acidosis 
index  be  placed  on  a  similar  footing  in  the  anticipation 
of  diabetic  Coma?  The  answer  to  this  question  is  that 
there  is  no  efficient  popular  method  by  which  this  can  be 
done.  T.  Stewart  Hart,  in  the  Archives  of  Internal 
Medicine,  Vol.  VII,  described  a  method  by  which  he 
could  roughly  compare  the  color  of  urine  treated  with 
ferric  chloride.    The  principle  was  one  of  dilution,  similar 


to  that  used  by  Gower  in  his  Haemoglolinometer.  This 
method,  with  a  modified  apparatus,  referred  to  under 
Case  II,  although  proving  unsuccessful  at  the  time  the 
article  appeared  because  of  a  publisher's  error,  made  us 
realize  how  helpful  a  simple  method  for  determining  the 
quantative  diacetic  acid  output  would  be.  With  these 
initial  attempts  in  mind  I  have  since  been  working  on 
such  a  method,  and  have  produced  something,  I  think, 
that  will  be  very  helpful  to  the  profession  at  large,  not 
only  in  cases  of  acidosis  but  in  all  cases  where  color 
comparisons  can  be  used  in  quantitative  estimations. 
The  method  is  particularly  useful  in  the  determination 
of  the  acidosis  index  and  in  the  functional  kidney  tests 
where  dyes  are  used. 

In  approaching  the  problem  of  a  colorimeter,  substances 
for  standards  must  be  found  which  give  the  correct  color, 
and,  if  the  color  is  not  lasting,  a  method  must  be 
developed  which  takes  this  into  consideration.  Many 
colors  in  solution  slowly  fade.  Phenol-Sulphone-Patha- 
lein  is  an  example.  Serial  dilutions  of  this  substance 
show  color  changes  after  one  or  two  months  which  are 
sufficient  to  make  the  standard  unreliable.  Fixed  colors 
are  difficult  to  match  if  made  from  substances  differing 
from  the  substance  to  be  tested  for. 

Using  the  well  known  Gerhart's  Ferric  Chloride  test 
for  diacetic  acid  as  the  foundation  of  the  work,  a  colori- 
meter has  been  developed  which,  I  think,  will  fulfill  the 
previously  stated  requirements. 

The  Standard  Solutions. 

Solution  I. 

A  great  many  substances  react  with  ferric  chloride 

resulting  in  color  changes.     These  must  be  thought 

of    in    using   the    Gerhart    Test    for    diacetic    acid. 

Salicilic  acid  and  other  salicilates  (diuretin,  asperin, 


58  $rt?e  Csstap 


etc.)  give  a  color  reaction  with  ferric  chloride  similar 
to  but  more  bluish  than  the  diacetic  reaction,  the 
blue  deepening  as  the  strength  of  the  salicilate  is 
increased.  Sodium  acetate  has  more  of  the  red  to 
its  reaction,  quite  evident  in  the  stronger  solutions. 
The  ester  of  diacetic  (aceto  acetic)  acid,  aceto  acetis 
ester,  gives  an  exact  color  for  comparison  and  this 
reagent  was  chosen  for  the  standard.  After  working 
with  aceto  acetic  ester  I  found  in  later  numbers  of 
the  Archives  of  Internal  Medicine,  the  correction  of 
Hart's  original  article,  and  the  corrected  reagent  was 
stated  as  ethyl  aceto  acetate,  which  is  equivalent  to 
my  aceto  acetic  ester.  Aceto  acetic  ester  is  stable, 
gives  the  typical  Bordeaux  red  color  with  ferric 
chloride,  and  is  cheap,  being  listed  in  Merck's  cata- 
logue at  sixty  cents  an  ounce,  obtainable  through  the 
New  York  office.  It  is  a  clear,  colorless  liquid, 
rather  oily  in  consistency,  and  with  a  distinct  fruity 
odor.  One  c.  c.  disolves  quite  readily  in  1000  c.  c.  of 
water  when  shaken  up  well.  This  1  to  1000  solution 
is  used  as  Solution  I. 
Solution  II. 

A  given  number  of  grams  of  the  solid  ferric 
chloride  dissolved  in  an  equal  number  of  c.  c.  of 
water  makes  a  concentrated  solution  which,  when 
added  to  solution  I,  drop  by  drop,  gives  the  maximum1 
color  without  causing  an  appreciable  dilution,  as 
weaker  solutions  would.  Dilution  of  the  specimen 
is  to  be  avoided. 

In  experimenting  with  Gerhart's  method  the 
following  observations  were  made : 

(1)  The  maximum  intensity  of  color  is  not 
reached  immediately  but  gradually  over  a  period  of 
half  a  minute  or  so  in  the  case  of  the  aceto  acetic 


$rt?e  €&$ap  59 


ester  solution.  The  ferric  chloride,  therefore,  should 
be  added  drop  by  drop,  stirring  the  solution  until  the 
color  reaches  its  height.  This  is  important.  If  too 
little  ferric  chloride  is  added  the  color  is  less  than  it 
should  be,  and  if  too  much  be  added  the  standard  is 
diluted  and  takes  a  little  of  the  brownish  hue  of  the 
ferric  chloride. 

(2)  The  color  resulting  from  the  reaction  gradu- 
ally fades.  In  a  series  of  dilution  varying  fro  1% 
to  .1%  changes  were  noted  in  the  weaker  solutions 
in  two  weeks,  the  change  continuing  until  the  color 
was  completely  gone  in  the  1%  solution.  Addition  of 
ferric  chloride  to  the  stronger  solution  caused  a 
return  in  part  of  the  color,  but  the  weaker  solutions 
remained  colorless. 

(3)  Inquiring  into  the  cause  of  the  fading  of  the 
color  it  was  found  that  increasing  the  acidity  of  the 
original  solution  of  aceto  acetic  ester  with  con- 
centrated hydrochloric  acid  increased  the  rapidity 
with  which  the  color  faded.  A  point  of  acidity  was 
reached  where  the  addition  of  ferric  chloride  caused 
no  color  change.  Testing  the  ferric  chloride  it  was 
found  acid  to  litmus.  It  was  concluded  then  that  in 
the  presence  of  this  acid  salt  the  color  could  not  be 
made  to  remain  permanent.  Taking  one  of  the 
solutions  that  had  been  discolorized  by  the  addition 
of  a  few  drops  of  hydrochloric  acid,  by  carefully 
adding  a  base,  like  sodium  hydroxide,  the  color 
returns  for  a  moment  but  as  the  base  predominates, 
the  iron  precipitates  as  the  flocculent  hydrate. 
However,  adding  to  this  the  ferric  chloride  solution 
until  the  base  is  completely  precipitated  as  the 
hydrate,  an  excess  of  the  ferric  chloride  at  once 
brings  out  the  color  as  intense  as  originally.     We 


60  $ri?e  Caslap 

conclude  from  this  that  the  fading  of  our  color  is 
not  due  to  decomposition  of  the  aceto  acetic  ester 
alone  but  that  the  acid  ferric  chloride  takes  part  in 
the  reaction. 

(4)  Experimenting  with  a  basic  solution  of  aceto 
acetic  ester,  an  interesting  point  was  brought  out 
which  would  apply  to  urines  from  patients  under 
alkaline  treatment.  Until  the  acidity  of  the  ferric 
chloride  had  neutralized  the  alkalinity  of  the  urine  no 
typical  color  reaction  appeared.  Then  a  large  amount 
of  ferric  chloride  would  have  to  be  used  in  strongly 
alkaline  urines  before  the  neutral  point  was  reached 
where  color  changes  would  begin.  This  not  only 
wastes  reagent,  but  what  is  more  important,  as  will 
be  seen  later,  causes  dilution  of  the  specimen,  leaving 
a  source  of  error  in  the  readings  to  be  taken  later. 
Again,  in  alkaline  urines,  a  thick  heavy  precipitate 
of  ferric  oxide  forms  on  the  addition  of  ferric 
chloride  which,  when  caught  in  the  effervescence  of 
the  escaping  carbon  dioxide,  results  in  a  thick,  frothy 
chocolate  colored  mixture  which,  if  not  impossible 
to  filter,  certainly  delays  that  procedure  greatly. 

Fe,  CI.  -|-  6  (Na  HC03)=Fe2  08  -|-  6  CO*  -|-  6 
NaCl  -|-  3  H2O.  This  hindrance  can  be  eliminated 
in  the  following  way.  Place  a  piece  of  litmus  in  the 
alkaline  specimen  of  urine  to  be  tested  and  add  con- 
centrated hydrochloric  acid,  drop  by  drop,  until  the 
litmus  shows  a  faint  acid  reaction.  The  CO*  is 
eliminated,  thus  leaving  a  clear  solution.  Na  HCOe 
-|-  HCl=NaCl  -|-  PLO  -J-  CO*.  Having  eliminated 
the  carbonates  with  a  minimum  amount  of  dilution 
add  the  ferric  chloride  as  directed.  The  only  pre- 
cipitation that  forms,  if  any,  will  be  due  to  the  phos- 
phates.   These  are  quickly  filtered  out. 


$rt*e  Cssap  61 


(5)  Sodium  Salicilate,  salicilic  acid,  diuretin,  as- 
perin  and  the  other  salicylates  in  solutions  could  easily 
be  mistaken  for  diacetic  acid,  but  when  compared 
side  by  side,  the  color  of  the  salicilates  is  more  of  a 
blue  than  a  red,  the  strong  solutions  having  a  deep 
indigo  color. 

Staubli  has  shown  that  in  benign  cases  of  acidosis,  in 
spite  of  a  high  content  of  acetone  and  diacetic  acid,  the 
amount  of  Beta-oxybutyric  acid  in  the  urine  is  small. 
However,  with  an  increase  of  Beta-oxybutyric  acid,  there 
would  necessarily  be  an  increase  of  diacetic  acid;  there- 
fore, knowing  the  diacetic  tolerance,  the  rise  and  fall  will 
parallel  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  Beta-oxybutyric  acid. 
Hart  found  in  his  cases  that  the  measure  of  the  acidosis 
index,  based  on  the  depth  of  color  obtained  with  the 
ferric  chloride  reaction,  paralleled  the  results  obtained 
by  the  polariscopic  method  and  the  ammonia  output. 

The  principle  of  the  colorimeter  in  which  our  solutions 
are  used  is  founded  on  the  following  physical  laws : 

(1)  Media,  which  we  commonly  speak  of  as 
transparent,  if  not  employed  in  too  great  thicknesses, 
transmit,  without  appreciable  absorption,  the  range 
of  wave  lengths  within  the  region  of  the  visible 
spectrum.     (Physical  Optics — Wood.) 

(2)  In  the  case  of  most  of  the  absorbing  media, 
the  color  of  the  transmitted  light  does  not  depend 
to  any  degree  on  the  thickness,  the  depth  or  satura- 
tion merely  increasing.    (Physical  Optics — Wood.) 
The  depth  or  saturation,  therefore,  the  color  remain- 
ing the  same,  will  vary  with  the  thickness,  that  is,  with 
the  number  of  molicules  of  the  dissolved  substance  in  a 
given    length    of    the    medium    transmitting    the    light. 
Hence,  two  media  containing  the  same  amount  of  a  given 
color  substance  in  solution,  transmit  light  of  the  same 


62  3^vi}t  CsSap 


color  and  the  same  depth  or  intensity.  The  volume 
remaining  the  same,  the  depth  or  intensity  of  the  color 
varies  with  the  amount  of  color  substance  in  solution; 
or  the  depth  or  intensity  remaining  the  same,  the  volumes 
vary  with  the  amount  of  color  substance  in  solution. 
Through  the  same  distance  a  1%  solution  of  a  given 
color  transmits  light  of  half  the  intensity  as  through  a 
2%  solution  of  the  same  color  substance ;  or  to  give  a 
color  of  the  same  intensity,  light  must  pass  through  but 
one  half  the  distance  in  a  2%  solution  as  in  a  1%  solution 
of  the  same  color  substance.  We  have,  therefore,  simply 
to  arrange  an  apparatus  that  will  lengthen  or  shorten 
a  column  of  liquid  in  order  to  increase  or  decrease  at 
will  the  intensity  of  the  color,  the  light  being  transmitted 
through  the  full  length  of  the  column. 
Description  of  Colorimeter. 

I.  The  Containers. 

Two  glass  tubes  12  cm.  long,  and  of  at  least  15/16 
inches  in  diameter.  With  shorter  diameters  the 
light  reflected  from  the  sides  is  confusing. 

A  polished  crown-glass  base  for  each  tube. 
Crown-glass  transmits  a  pure  ray  of  white  light. 
The  base  is  ground  so  as  to  set  into  the  tube  giving 
a  better  grib  for  the  cement. 

Both  tubes  are  graduated  in  centimeters,  beginning 
at  the  level  of  the  inner  surface  of  the  base,  from 
one  to  ten  inclusive,  each  centimeter  being  sub- 
divided into  quarters. 

II.  The  Holders  and  Reflector. 

Two  brass  tubes  into  which  each  container  can 
slip  easily,  act  as  supports  and  shut  out  the  side 
lights.  The  tubes  are  threaded  perpendicularly  close 
together  into  a  common  base,  the  base  of  each  tube 
being  open  so  as  to  allow  the  light  to  be  transmitted 


$rt?e  Cssfap  63 


the  full  length,  but  with  a  diameter  just  small  enough 
to  support  each  container  as  it  is  slipped  in,  thus 
preventing  the  container  from  slipping  through. 

A  white  enameled  reflector  at  an  angle  of  45° 
allows  a  bright  light  to  enter  the  base  of  the  tubes 
and  gives  a  white  background  for  the  color. 

The  black  lines  on  the  reflector  give  the  observer 
an  object  to  focus  on  as  at  first  the  different  heights 
of  the  two  columns  of  liquid  may  be  confusing,  and 
they  also  help  in  judging  the  intensity  of  the  color. 

III.  The  pipet  is  simply  a  tube  12  cm.  or  more  in 
length  with  a  small  bulb  attached.  With  this  the 
fluid  in  the  tubes  can  be  raised  or  lowered  at  will. 
It  is  bent  at  right  angles  at  the  12  cm.  point  so  that 
bulb  will  not  be  in  the  line  of  light. 

Directions  for  using  colorimeter. 

Take  about  40  c.c.  of  the  standard  solution  I,  and 
add  to  it,  drop  by  drop,  sufficient  of  the  standard 
solution  II  to  bring  about  the  maximum  color,  stir- 
ring solution  at  least  half  a  minute  after  last  drop, 
to  insure  that  the  reaction  has  been  completed. 

Fill  one  of  the  containers  up  to  the  5  c.c.  mark  with 
this  solution  and  place  container  in  the  stand,  pre- 
ferably in  the  left  hand  tube. 

Treat  the  specimen  of  urine  as  directed  previously 
with  the  ferric  chloride,  sol.  II,  and  filter.  A  drop 
more  ferric  chloride  will  insure  complete  reaction. 
Fill  the  second  container  up  to  the  10  c.c.  mark  with 
the  filtered  specimen  and  place  the  container  in  the 
right  hand  tube  of  the  stand. 

Arrange  reflector  so  as  to  get  the  maximum  light 
and  compare  the  intensity  of  the  colors.  If  the 
specimen  on  the  right  is  darker  than  the  standard, 
draw   it   off  with   the   pipett   until   the   two   match 


64  $rt?e  €*siap 


exactly.      If    the    specimen    is    lighter,    lower    the 
standard  with  the  pipett  until  the  two  match. 

Having  matched  the  tubes  exactly,  take  out  both 
containers  and  read  the  heights.  For  convenience 
we  will  call  the  1  to  1,000  aceto  acetic  ester  solution 
1,  and  make  the  readings  of  the  diacetic  acid  in  the 
specimen  of  urine  in  terms  of  the  standard,  thus  the 
index  per  thousand  c.c.  of  a  specimen  whose  color, 
density  and  height  of  column  in  the  scale  were  the 
same  as  that  of  the  standard,  would  be  1.  We  have, 
therefore,  an  inverse  proportion  between  the  lengths 
of  the  columns  of  the  two  solutions  on  the  scales,  and 
the  amount  of  color  substance  in  the  solutions,  and 
knowing  three  of  these  quantities  we  can  easily  find 
the  fourth.  If  "A"  is  the  height  of  the  standard  on 
the  scale,  "B"  the  height  of  the  specimen,  "1"  the 
index  of  the  standard  and  x  the  index  of  the 
specimen,  then  j  •  x  =  B  -A 


The  acidosis  index  per  letter  then  is  -g-  and  for 

24  hours  -3-  multiplied  by  the  letters  passed  in  24 

hours. 

Hypothetical  Case. 

If  patient  passes  5  leters  in  24  hours,  and  the 
height  of  the  standard  is  5,  and  the  height  of  the 
specimen  is  2.5,  then 

x  =  Y5    — 2.     Acidosis  index  per  letter. 
5x  =  10.     Acidosis  index  per  24  hours. 

How  helpful  this  method  can  be  to  one  following 
a  case  with  acidosis  is  easily  seen,  and  its  simplicity 
brings  it  within  the  reach  of  all.  With  such  a  method 
the  progress  of  the  case  can  be  satisfactorily  and 


$ri?e  Csteap 


65 


scientifically  followed,  determination  being  made 
even  while  the  patient  is  in  the  office  without  waiting 
for  a  complicated  laboratory  report  from  some 
distant  laboratory.  In  hospital  work,  having  once 
been  checked  up  by  an  ammonia  determination,  or 
by  one  of  the  other  methods,  daily  estimations  may 
be  made  by  the  intern  which  will  be  of  great  help  to 
the  visiting  staff  who  know  what  laboratory  delay  is 
where  frequent  long  analyses  are  called  for. 

The  following  chart  shows  the  acidosis  index  of  a 
case  of  long  standing  diabetes  mellitus,  who,  under 
treatment,  has  gained  weight  and  shows  marked 
improvement.  From  the  time  the  patient  came  under 
observation  acetone  and  diacetic  acid  have  been  pres- 
ent in  the  urine.  The  chart  shows  a  probable  acido- 
sis tolerance  ranging  between  10  and  15  in  24  hours. 
The  fact  that  it  is  fairly  constant  and  that  the  patient 
is  improving  shows  that  no  special  treatment  for  the 
acidosis  is  necessary. 

WW 

--_.fi 


The   colorimeter   was    developed   primarily    for  work 
with  cases  showing  diacetic  acid  in  the  urine.    The  prin- 


66  $rne  CtfSap 

<  -     -  "  - 

ciple  can  be  applied,  however,  to  any  quantitative  esti- 
mation where  color  comparison  is  used,  provided  a 
suitable  standard  can  be  found.  In  the  lunctional  kidney 
tests,  using  a  known  dilution  of  the  dye  as  a  standard, 
the  percentage  excreted  in  the  urine  can  easily  be  deter- 
mined by  this  method. 

Because  I  have  found  in  my  limited  experience  that 
this  colorimeter  has  been  a  great  help  in  certain  cases, 
and  because  it  will  fill  a  place  in  the  laboratory  of  the 
general  practitioner  which  has  long  been  neglected,  I 
have  taken  this  opportunity  to  bring  it  before  the  pro- 
fession, hoping  that  some,  at  least,  may  find  it  helpful 
in  their  work,  making  the  treatment  of  such  cases  as 
diabetes  mellitus  more  scientific  and  more  satisfactory. 

References 
T.  S.  Hart,  Archives  of  Internal  Medicine.   Vol.  I  and 
Vol.  VII. 

R.  W.  Wood,  Optics. 

E.  C.  C.  Baily,  Stectroscopy. 

Von  Norden,  Newer  Aspects  of  Diabetes. 

Osier's  Modern  Medicine. 

A.  M.  MEADS,  M.  D., 

Bellevue  Hospital, 
July,  1910-July,  1912. 


%xm  Cstfap 


67 


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Constitution  anb  ^p=£atos( 


Constitution  71 


CONSTITUTION 


ARTICLE  I. 

Name  and  Objects  of  the  Society. 

Section  1.  The  name  of  this  society  shall  be:  The 
Society  of  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital? 

Section  2.     The  object  of  the  society  shall  be : 

First.  The  cultivation  and  advancement  of  medicine 
and  surgery. 

Second.  The  promotion  of  social  intercourse  among 
its  members. 

ARTICLE  II. 

Members  of  the  Society. 

Section    1.     The  Society  shall  be  composed  of  five 

classes  of  members,  to  be  designated  (1)  active  members; 

(2)    associate  members;    (3)    Emeritus   Members;    (4) 

permanent  associate  members  and  (5)  honorary  members. 

Section  2.  The  active  members  shall  be  selected  from 
ex-house  physicians,  surgeons  and  gynaecologists  of  Belle- 
vue Hospital,  each  of  whom  shall  have  received  a  di- 
ploma from  the  Medical  Board  of  the  hospital.  They 
shall  be  designated  as  resident  active  members  and  non- 
resident active  members,  the  latter  residing  out  of  the  city 
of  New  York. 

Section  3.  The  associate  members  shall  consist  of  the 
two  senior  members  of  the  medical,  surgical  and  gynae- 
cological services  of  each  division  of  the  house  staff,  on 
actual  duty  at  Bellevue  Hospital. 


72  Constitution 


Section  4.  The  Emeritus  members  shall  be  selected 
from  members  of  the  Society  who  have  served  as  active 
members  for  twenty  or  more  years.  Proposal  and 
election  to  Emeritus  membership  shall  take  the  course 
prescribed  in  Article  2,  Section  2  for  election  to  Active 
Membership.  Emeritus  Members  shall  have  all  the 
privileges  of  Active  Members  and  they  shall  be  exempt 
from  the  payment  of  dues. 

Section  5.  The  permanent  associate  members  shall 
be  selected  from :  members  of  the  Medical  Board  of 
Bellevue  Hospital  who  have  served  in  this  capacity  for  at 
least  five  years,  but  who  have  not  served  on  the  House 
Staff,  ex-externes  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  each  of  whom 
shall  have  received  a  certificate  or  a  diploma  from  the 
Medical  Board  of  the  hospital.  They  shall  have  all  the 
privileges  of  active  members  except  the  right  to  vote. 

Section  6.  The  honorary  members  shall  be  selected 
from  physicians  or  surgeons  of  eminence,  who  have  not 
served  on  the  staff  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  but  are  or  have 
been  identified  with  hospital  work  in  other  States  or  coun- 
tries. Honorary  members  shall  have  all  privileges  of 
active  members,  except  the  right  to  vote,  and  they  shall 
be  exempt  from  the  payment  of  dues. 

ARTICLE  III. 

Officers  and  Committees. 
Section  1.     The  officers  of  the  society  shall  be  a  Pres- 
ident, a  Vice-President,  a  Secretary,  a  Treasurer  and  an 
Historian.    These  officers  shall  serve  for  one  year. 

Section  2.  The  committees  shall  be:  three  standing 
committees  and  a  general  council. 

Section  3.  The  standing  committees  shall  be :  a  com- 
mittee on  new  members;  a  committee  on  science,  and  a 


Constitution 


committee   on   entertainment.      These    committees    shall 
serve  for  one  year. 

Section  4.  The  special  committees  shall  be :  a  com- 
mittee on  nominations ;  and  such  other  committees  as  may 
"be  required  for  the  investigation  of  scientific  and  other 
questions. 

Section  5.  The  general  council  shall  be  composed  of 
the  titular  officers  and  of  the  three  standing  committees. 

Section  6.  The  Historian  shall  compile  for  the  Year- 
Book  of  each  year,  a  record  of  such  events  of  the  society 
as  may  be  of  general  interest;  he  shall  prepare  for  pub- 
lication in  the  Year-Book  a  biography  of  those  members 
who  may  have  died  during  any  current  year;  and  shall 
perform  such  other  similar  duties  as  may  be  designated 
by  the  society.  ARTJCLE  {y 

Amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

Section  1.  No  part  of  this  constitution  shall  be 
amended  or  altered,  and  no  addition  shall  be  made  thereto, 
except  at  a  stated  meeting  of  the  society,  after  due  notice 
of  such  amendments,  alterations,  or  addition  shall  have 
been  given  in  writing  by  an  active  member  at  preceding 
stated  meeting,  and  then  only  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of 
the  active  members  present. 

ARTICLE  V. 

Enactment  of  the  Constitution. 

Section  1.  All  sections  or  parts  of  sections  of  the 
prior  constitution  and  by-laws,  and  all  declarations  or 
resolutions  not  in  harmony  with  this  amended  constitu- 
tion, are  hereby  repealed. 

Section  2.  This  constitution  shall  go  into  effect  im- 
mediately. 


74  Pp=Hatoa 

BY-LAWS 

ARTICLE  I. 

Meetings  of  the  Society. 

Section  1.  Stated  meetings  shall  be  held  on  the  first 
Wednesday  of  each  month,  except  the  months  of  July, 
August  and  September.  The  hour  of  meeting  shall  be 
8.30  P.  M.,  and  the  place  of  meeting  shall  be  selected  by 
the  joint  action  of  the  three  standing  committees,  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  society. 

Section  2.  Special  meetings  shall  be  called  by  the 
President  at  the  written  request  of  five  active  members, 
who  shall  state  distinctly  the  object  or  objects  of  such 
meetings,  at  which,  however,  in  each  case,  no  business 
other  than  that  indicated  in  the  announcement  shall  be 
transacted. 

Section  3.  Bach  stated  meeting  shall  consist  of  a 
scientific  session,  an  executive  session  and  a  social  session. 

Section  4.  Fifteen  active  members  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business  in  the  executive 
session  of  a  stated  meeting. 

Section  5.  Roberts'  Rules  of  Order  shall  be  the  guide 
for  parliamentary  procedure  in  this  society. 

ARTICLE  II. 

Proposal  and  Election  of  Members. 

Section  1.  Proposal  for  active,  permanent  associate, 
or  honorary  membership  shall  be  made  at  no  other  than  a 
stated  meeting,  in  writing,  and  signed  by  two — and  in 
the  case  of  honorary  membership  by  three — active 
members. 


Pp=£ato*  75 


Section  2.  All  names  proposed  for  active  and  per- 
manent associate  membership  shall  be  referred  to  the 
committee  on  new  members.  At  the  next  stated  meeting, 
the  committee  shall  report  the  names  of  candidates  which 
it  recommends  for  election  and  they  shall  be  elected  by 
ballot.  If  five  votes  be  cast  against  a  candidate,  he  shall 
be  declared  not  elected. 

Section  3.  Honorary  members  shall  be  elected  by 
ballot  on  the  same  conditions  as  other  members,  except 
that  their  proposal  shall  be  signed  by  three  active  mem- 
bers, that  they  shall  be  unanimously  recommended  by  the 
committee  on  new  members,  and  that  they  shall  be  ex- 
empt from  the  payment  of  dues. 

ARTICLE  III. 

Nomination  and  Election  of  Officers  and  Committees. 

Section  1.  A  nominating  committee  of  five  active 
members  shall  be  elected  by  the  society  during  the  execu- 
tive session  of  the  stated  meeting  in  November.  It  shall 
be  the  duty  of  this  committee  to  make  up  a  ticket  of  the 
names  of  such  active  members  as  it  recommends  to  fill  the 
several  offices  and  standing  committees,  and  forward  it,  at 
least  ten  days  before  the  next  meeting,  to  the  Secretary, 
who  shall  send  a  copy  to  each  member. 

Section  2.  The  election  of  officers  and  standing  com- 
mittees shall  be  held  at  the  December  stated  meeting.  The 
names  of  all  candidates  recommended  by  the  Nominating 
Committee  shall  be  upon  a  single  ballot.  A  majority  vote 
shall  decide  the  election  of  a  candidate. 

Section  3.  The  installation  of  the  elected  officers  and 
standing  committees  shall  take  place  at  the  January  meet- 
ing when  the  president  shall  deliver  an  address. 


76  Pp=HatoS 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Duties  of  the  officers. 

Section  1.  The  President  shall  preside  at  the  meet- 
ings of  the  society,  give  a  casting  vote  when  necessary, 
appoint  annually  a  committee  of  three  active  members  to 
audit  the  treasurer's  accounts,  appoint  all  special  com- 
mittees, except  the  nominating  committee,  and  perform 
such  other  duties  as  parliamentary  usage  requires.  He 
shall  be  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on  science. 

Section  2.  The  Vice-President,  in  the  absence  of  the 
President,  shall  perform  the  duties  of  the  President.  He 
shall  be  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on  entertainment. 

Section  3.  The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  record  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  society;  shall  have  charge  of  all  the 
society's  property,  not  specified  elsewhere ;  shall  send 
notices  to  all  members  at  least  four  days  before  the  date 
of  each  meeting,  giving  the  titles  of  papers  to  be  read,  and 
of  other  presentations,  with  the  names  of  their  authors ; 
shall  cause  to  be  printed  in  these  notices  the  names  of 
candidates  for  membership ;  and  shall  perform  such  other 
duties  as  may  be  designated  by  the  society. 

Section  4.  The  Treasurer  shall  collect  and  receive 
all  duties  and  gifts ;  shall  have  charge  of  the  society's 
money;  shall  make  all  necessary  disbursements;  shall 
make  a  detailed  report,  in  writing,  of  the  condition  of 
the  society's  exchequer,  at  the  stated  meeting  in  January 
for  the  preceding  year  and  a  semi-annual  report  at  the 
stated  meeting  in  June ;  and  shall  perform  such  other 
duties  as  may  be  designated  by  the  society. 

Section  5.  The  Treasurer  shall  deposit  the  society's 
money  in  a  bank  designated  by  the  action  of  general  coun- 


cil.    All  cheques  or  money-orders  given  by  the  treasurer 
shall  be  countersigned  by  the  president  of  the  society. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  Standing  Committees. 
Section  1.  The  committee  on  new  members  shall  con- 
sist of  five  active  members.  This  committee  shall  ex- 
amine the  credentials,  and  inquire  into  the  standing  of 
candidates  for  membership ;  shall  report  the  names 
of  such  candidates  only  whose  record  is  satisfactory;  and 
send  these  names  to  the  secretary  of  the  society  ten  days 
prior  to  the  meeting  at  which  the  election  of  new  members 
shall  be  held. 

Section  2.  The  committee  on  science  shall  consist  of 
the  president  and  two  other  members.  This  committee 
shall  make  all  arrangements  for  the  scientific  session  of 
each  meeting,  and  shall  send  to  the  secretary  the  titles 
of  all  papers  to  be  read,  and  of  other  communications  to 
be  made,  together  with  the  names  of  the  authors,  at  least 
ten  days  before  each  meeting.  The  committee  with  the 
assistance  of  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  shall  have 
charge  of  the  publication  of  the  society's  transactions. 

Section  3.  The  committee  on  entertainment  shall  con- 
sist of  the  vice-president  and  two  other  members.  This 
committee  shall  make  all  arrangements  for  the  social 
entertainment  of  the  society,  subject  to  its  approval. 

Section  4.  The  general  council  shall  assemble,  at  such 
times  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  its  chairman,  for 
the  purpose  of  conferring  on  questions  pertaining  to  the 
admission  of  new  members,  to  scientific  contributions,  to 
the  entertainments,  to  the  advancement  of  the  society,  and 
to  such  other  questions  as  may  be  referred  to  this  coun- 
cil by  the  society. 


78  $p=ilatoS 


Section  5.  The  president  of  the  society  shall  be  the 
chairman  of  the  general  council.  The  secretary  shall  be 
the  secretary  of  the  general  council.  The  secretary  and 
treasurer  shall  each  keep  a  register  of  the  society's  mem- 
bership. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

Dues  and  Penalties. 

Section  1.  The  dues  of  resident  active  members  shall 
be  ten  dollars  a  year,  payable  at  or  before  January  1st, 
each  year.  New  members  shall  pay  their  dues 
at  or  before  the  second  stated  meeting  after  their  election, 
and  shall  be  allowed  a  rebate  of  one  dolllar  for  each  stated 
meeting  held  since  the  preceding  January  up  to  and  in- 
cluding that  of  their  election. 

Section  2.  The  dues  of  non-resident  active  members 
(residing  out  of  the  city  of  New  York)  shall  be  three 
dollars  a  year,  payable  at  or  before  January  1st,  each  year. 

Section  3.  Resident  active  members  who  shall  have 
changed  their  place  of  abode  and  practice  to  towns  be- 
yond the  city  of  New  York,  shall,  on  notifying  the  secre- 
tary to  that  effect,  thereby  become  non-resident  active 
members,  and  their  annual  dues  shall  be  three  dollars. 

Section  4.  Emeritus  and  associate  members  shall  be 
exempt  from  dues. 

Section  5.  The  dues  of  permanent  associate  members 
shall  be  eight  dollars  a  year,  payable  on  or  before  January 
1st,  each  year,  if  the  permanent  associate  members  live 
outside  of  New  York  City,  his  dues  shall  be  three  dollars 
per  year. 

Section  6.  Any  member  in  arrears  for  six  months 
shall  be  suspended  until  his  dues  are  paid.    The  name  of 


Pp=Hatog  79 


any  member  in  arrears  for  two  years  shall  be  dropped 
from  the  roll.  He  may,  however,  have  it  restored  by  pay- 
ing all  arrears  of  dues  up  to  date,  and  by  a  two-thirds 
vote  of  the  active  members  present  at  a  stated  meeting. 

Section  7.  The  treasurer  shall  notify  a  member  in 
arrears  at  least  one  month  before  the  time  at  which  he 
is  liable  to  be  suspended,  or  to  have  his  name  dropped 
from  the  roll. 

Section  8.  All  notices  to  members  shall  be  sent  by 
mail,  prepaid,  and  directed  to  their  residences  or  offices. 
Such  mailing  shall  be  presumptive  evidence  of  the  due 
service  of  notices. 

Section  9.  Members  shall  be  allowed  to  introduce 
guests  at  the  meetings  of  the  society,  subject  to  the  ap- 
proval of  the  committee  on  entertainment. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

Discipline  of  Members. 

Section  1.  The  kind  of  discipline,  beyond  the  drop- 
ping of  names  for  non-payment  of  dues,  shall  be  censure, 
suspension,  or  expulsion  from  the  society,  but  no  member 
shall  be  expelled,  except  by  a  vote  of  three-fourths  of 
the  active  members  present. 

Section  2.  //  at  any  time  cltarges  be  preferred  against 
a  member,  the  case  shall  be  referred  to  the  three  standing 
committees  which  jointly  shall  constitute  the  committee 
on  discipline,  with  the  secretary  of  the  society  as  recorder, 
and  shall  investigate  the  charges  and  report  the  result 
to  the  society  for  action. 

Section  3.  The  president  of  the  society  shall  be  the 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  discipline,  and  the  secre- 


8o  pp=itato£i 

tary  of  the  society  shall  be  the  recorder  of  its  proceedings 
and  shall  report  to  the  society  the  finding  of  the  commit- 
tee, in  each  case,  with  such  details  as  may  be  necessary. 
The  chairman  shall  be  empowered  to  appoint  an  active 
member  of  the  society  as  special  council  of  the  committee. 

Section  4.  All  charges  against  a  member  shall  be 
made  in  writing,  signed  by  the  accuser,  inclosed  in  a 
sealed  wrapper,  indorsed  "charges  against  a  member," 
and  sent  to  the  secretary  of  the  society,  who  shall  forward 
the  document  to  the  committee  on  discipline. 

Section  5.  The  committee  on  discipline,  in  investi- 
gating charges  against  a  member,  shall  summon  both  the 
accuser  and  the  accused  to  appear  ,in  order  that  the  de- 
fense as  well  as  the  prosecution  be  heard,  and  a  copy  of 
the  charges  shall,  at  the  same  time,  be  sent  to  the  accused. 
If  the  accuser  refuses  to  appear,  the  case  shall  be  dis- 
missed, but  if  the  accused  refuses  to  appear,  the  case  shall 
proceed,  and  this  refusal  to  appear  shall  be  noted  in  the 
committee's  report,  which  shall  be  made  at  the  earliest 
stated  meeting  of  the  society.  The  accused  and  accuser 
shall  be  entitled  each  to  select  an  active  member  to  act  as 

counsel. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

Order  of  Business  and  Discussion. 

Section  1.  The  order  of  business  at  stated  meetings 
shall  be  as  follows : 

I.      Scientific  Session. 

1.  Calling   the    meeting   to   order   by   the    presiding 

officer. 

2.  Installation  of  the  president-elect,  and  of  the  stand- 

ing committees.    In  January. 


Pp*£atos;  8 1 

■ 

3.     President's  address.    In  January. 
4.*    Presentation  of  cases. 

5.  Report  of  cases. 

6.  Presentation  of  specimens,  apparatus,  and  instru- 

ments. 

7.  Reading  and  discussion  of  papers. 

II.  Executive  Session. 

1.  Reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting. 

2.  Reports  of  officers  and  standing  committees. 

3.  Election  of  new  members. 

4.  Election  of  the  nominating  committee.    In  Novem- 

ber. 

5.  Election  of  officers  and  standing  committees.     In 

December. 

6.  Unfinished  business. 

7.  Miscellaneous  business. 

III.  Social  Session. 

This  order  of  business  may  be  changed  at  any  session 
by  a  majority  vote  of  the  society. 

Section  2.  The  Limit  of  discussion  for  each  member 
shall  be  ten  minutes,  except  in  the  case  of  the  reader  of 
a  paper,  who  shall  be  allowed  twenty  minutes  to  defend 
his  thesis  and  close  the  discussion. 

Section  3.  No  member  shall  be  allowed  to  speak 
more  than  twice  on  the  same  subject. 


82  ^p=3Latotf 

ARTICLE  IX. 

Amendments  to  the  By-Laws. 

Section  1.  No  part  of  these  by-laws  shall  be  amended 
or  altered,  no  addition  shall  be  made  thereto,  and  they 
shall  not  be  suspended,  except  at  a  stated  meeting  of  the 
society,  after  due  notice  of  such  amendment,  altera- 
tion, addition  or  suspension  shall  have  been  given  in 
writing  by  an  active  member  at  a  preceding  stated  meet- 
ing, and  then  only  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  active 
members  present. 

ARTICLE  X. 

Enactment  of  the  By-Laws. 

Section  1.  All  sections  or  parts  of  sections  of  the 
prior  by-laws  and  constitution,  and  all  declarations  or 
resolutions  not  in  harmony  with  these  amended  by-laws 
are  hereby  repealed. 

Section  2.  These  by-laws  shall  go  into  effect  immed- 
iately. 


Eoster 


Jflemfcers  87 


RESIDENT  ACTIVE  MEMBERS 
A 

Abbott,  Theodore  Jacob 113  East  78th  St.,  New  York 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1902 

Anderson,  Robert  Burns 703  Nostrand  Ave.,  Brooklyn 

1st  Surgical,  July  1,  1901 

Anderton,  William  Bancroft 825  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1881 

Armstrong,  Arthur  Soper 185  East  71st  St.,  " 

2nd  Gynaecological,  December  31,  1906 

Atkins,  Richard  Travis 37  East  30th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  July,  1908 

B 

Bacon,  Gorham 47  West  54th  St,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1879 

Bailey,  Harold  Capron 269  Lexington  Ave., 

2nd  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1906 

Bangs,  Lemuel  Bolton 32  East  51st  St., 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1873 

Barclay,  Harold 68  East  56th  St., 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1901 

Barrows,  Charles  C 63  East  56th  St., 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1881 

Bensel,  Walter 135  West  87th  St., 

4th  Surgical,  October  1,  1891 

Biggs,  George  Patten 133  West  71st  St., 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1891 

Biggs,  Hermann  Michael 113  West  57th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1884 

Bishop,  Ernest  Simons 422  West  End  Ave., 

2nd  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1910 

Blackwell,  Hugh  B 148  West  58th  St., 

1st  Surgical,  July  1,  1905 

Blakeslee,  George  Arthur 60  West  101st  St., 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1903 


88  iflember* 


Boyd,  Frank  Robertson 21  West  130th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1905 

Braunlich,  Arthur  Richard 65  West  83rd  St.,  " 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1896 

Brill,  Nathan  Edwin 48  West  76th  St, 

2nd  Medical,  April  1,  1881 

Bronson,  Edward  Bennett 10  West  49th  St., 

2nd  Surgical,  October  1,  1869 

Brown,  Richard  Ewell Ill  West  55th  St., 

2nd  Medical,  May  1,  1896 

Brown,  Samuel  Albertus 165  West  58th  St.,  " 

2nd  Medical,  December  1,  1896 

Bryant,  Joseph  Decatur 32  West  48th  St.,  " 

1st  Surgical,  March  1,  1871 

Burke,   Martin 147  Lexington  Ave., 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1877 

Burns,  James  Joseph 289  Alexander  Ave., 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1904 

Byington,  Roderick 1840-84th  St.,  Brooklyn 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1903 

C 

Caldwell,  William  Edgar 149  West  74th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1907 

Carlisle,  Robert  James 44  West  48th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1886 

Carlucci,  Gaston  A 1954  Crotona  Parkway,  Bronx,  " 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1911 

Carter,  William  Wesley 69  West  50th  St, 

2nd  Medical,  December  1,  1897 

Cash,  Stanmore  Langford 53  West  52nd  St., 

4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1903 

Cassebeer,  Henry  Arthur 158  West  58th  St.,  " 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1902 

Chaffe,  Amasa  Day 45  West  50th  St., 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1895 

Chetwood,  Charles  H 25  Park  Ave., 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1889 


iWemberg  89 


Chisholm,  William  Alexander 62  West  53rd  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1898 

Clark,   F.   C Quarantine,   Staten   Island,  " 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1909 

Cleaveland,  Trumbull  Williams. . .  .218  West  59th  St., 
2nd  Medical,  April  15,  1886 

Coakley,  Cornelius  Godfrey 53  West  56th  St, 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1888 

Conley,  Dudley  Steele 342  West  56th  St., 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1909 

Coryell,  Clarence  Catlin 560  West  180th  St., 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1905 

Cramp,  Walter  Concemore 349  West  End  Ave., 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1906 

Crandall,  Flovd  Milford 113  West  95th  St., 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1885 

Crary,  George  Waldo 125  East  56th  St., 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1887 

Crowe,  Edwin  R 200  Alexander  Ave., 

3rd  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1908 

Cudmore,  John  Homer 216  East  39th  St, 

2nd  Medical,  July  1,   1907 

Cutler,  Condict  Walker 135  West  76th  St., 

1st  Medical,  June  1,  1884 

D 

Daley,  Robert  Morris 43  East  27th  St.,  New  York 

4th  iMedical,  July  1,  1898 

Demnis,  Frederick  Shepard 542  Madison  Ave., 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1876 

Dixon,  George  Arthur 15  West  49th  St, 

4th  Medical,  April  1,  1879 

Dow,  Edmund  LeRoy 49  West  57th  St., 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1897 

Drury,  John  Nelson 112  West  69th  St, 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1906 


90  JHemberg 


Dunham,  Theodore 48  East  63rd  St.,  New  York 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1890 

Dunn,  Thomas  Joseph 2735  Webster  Ave., 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1889 

E 

Edgar,  James  Clifton 28  West  56th  St.,  New  York 

2nd  Medical,  April  1,  1887 

Edgerton,  Francis  Cruger 49  West  50th  St., 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1900 

Emerson,  Haven 120  East  62nd  St., 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1901 

Erdmann,  John  Frederick 60  West  52nd  St.,  " 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1888 

Erdwurm,  Frank 128  East  34th  St., 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1906 

Evans,  Samuel 115  East  39th  St., 

4th  Medical,  June  1,  1899 


F 

Finch,  Edward  B 57  West  58th  St.,  New  York 

4th  Medical,  May  1,  1896 

Fleming,  Mark  L Bellevue  Hospital, 

2d  Medical,  July  1,  1903. 

Flint,  Austin,  Jr 68  West  55th  St, 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1890 

Foskett,  Eben 121  West  73rd  St., 

2nd  Medical,  June  1,  1897 

Frederickson,  Victor 472  West  End  Ave, 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1904 

French,  John  Herndon 43  West  51st  St.,  " 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1885 

Frink,  Claude  Augustine 457  West  144th  St, 

1st  Surgical,  July  1,  1904 

Frink,  Horace  Westlake 1  West  83rd  St, 

2nd  Surgical,   1907 


iHembersi  91 


a 

Garmany,  Jasper  Jewett 40  West  40th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1883 

Gillette,  Curtenius 65  West  54th  St,  " 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1903 

Goeller,  Charles  John 421  East  146th  St., 

3rd  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1907 

Guile,  Hubert  Vivian 569  West  End  Ave., 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1909 

H 

Hall,  John  Mead. . 14  Central  Park  West,  New  York 

2nd  Surgical,  June  1,  1906 

Hamlen,  George  D 50  Central  Park  West, 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1892 

Harbeck,  Charles  John 306  Lexington  Ave., 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1906 

Hawks,  Everett  M 158  West  95th  St., 

1st  Surgical,  July  1,  1907 

Haynes,  Irving  Samuel 107  West  85th  St, 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1888 

Heitlinger,  John  Anthony 267  West  136th  St, 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1906 

Herman,  Henry 35  East  60th  St, 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1885 

Herrick,  John  Rutherford 151  West  72nd  St . , 

2nd  Gynaecological 

Hills,  John  Marshall Newburyport,  Mass. 

4th  Medical,  October,  1875 

Hoag,  Arthur  Edmond 126  East  37th  St,  New  York 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1910 

Holbrook,  Francis  Roderick 104  West  74th  St., 

4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1908 

Holcomb,  Henry  van  V 163  East  71st  St., 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1906 

Hollister,  Frank  Caulfield 264  West  77th  St., 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1892 


92  jdlemfcertf 


Hooker,  Henry  Lyman 50  East  34th  St.,  New  York 

1st  Surgical,  June  1,  1906 

Hope,  George  Bevan 159  West  72nd  St,  " 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1877 

Hotchkiss,  Lucius  Wales 59  West  48th  St., 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1886 

Houghton,  Hezekiah  Seymour 301  West  88th  St., 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1887 

Hubbard,  William  Norris 180  West  59th  St., 

1st  Medical,  May  1,  1888 

Humphreys,  Gustavus  Adolphus, 

Hotel  Endicott,  Columbus  Ave.  and  81st  St., 
1st  Medical,  January  1,  1897 

Hunt,  James  Peter 59  West  46th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1907 

J 

James,  Robert  Coleman 58  West  55th  St.,  New  York 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1895 

Jarvis,  Nathan  Sturges,  Manhattan  Club... Mad.  Sq., 
3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1886 

Jennings,  David  Dunlop Cor.  4th  Ave.  and  70th  St.,  Brooklyn 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1887 

Joy,  Homer  Thrall 60  West  56th  St, 

1st  Medical, 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1901 

K 

Kalish,  Richard 36  West  47th  St.,  New  York 

4th  Surgical,  October  1,  1877 

Katzenbach,  William  Henry, 

The  Wyoming,  7th  Ave.  &  55th  St., 
2nd  Medical,  1872 

Keane,  Arthur  Gaetano Ill  West  76th  St.,  " 

3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1902 

Kearn,  Thomas  J 1490  Pacific  St.,  Brooklyn 

2nd  Medical,  July  1st,  1908 

Kellogg,  Edward  Leland 48  West  51st  St., 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1900 


fflzmbtvg  93. 


L 

Lambert,  Alexander 36  East  31st  St.,  New  York 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1889 

Lambert,  Samuel  Waldron 130  East  35th  St., 

1st  Medical,  December  1,  1886 

Lancaster,  Nathaniel  Edgar 164  West  121st  St, 

3rd  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1906 

Lauderdale,  John  Vance 84th  St.  &  2nd  Ave.,  Brooklyn 

2nd  Surgical,  April  1,  1864 

Lee,  George  Boiling 30  West  59th  St,  New  York 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1899 

LeFevre,  Egbert 40  West  72nd  St, 

2nd  Medical,  April  1,  1885 

Leveridge,  Silas  P 277  East  Broadway, 

2nd  Surgical,  April  1st,  1880 

Lewengood,  Jacob 1118  Madison  Ave., 

3rd  Medical,  1883 

Lindsay,  Gordon 1337  Seventy-first  St.,  Brooklyn 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1907 

Lucus,  Thomas  D'Arcy 253  West  71st  St,  New  York 

4th  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1906 

Lusk,  William  Chittenden 47  East  34th  St, 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1895 

M 

MacKenzie,  Luther  Burres 62  West  53rd  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1906 

Mackenzie,  David  Wallace 55  Central  Park  West, 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1906 

Macleod,  William  Preston 101  West  58th  St, 

4th  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1905 

McAlpin,  David  Hunter 68  William  St., 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1890 

McCarthy,  Joseph  Francis 40  East  41st  St,  " 

1st  Surgical,  July  1,  1903 

McGrath,  John  Francis 131  East  30th  St., 

4th  Gynaecological,  July  1st,  1910 


94  fflzmbtvst 


McLean,  Stafford 776  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 

1st  Medical,  July  1st,  1910 

Milbank,  Samuel 146  East  35th  St,  " 

2nd  Medical,  January  1,  1906 

Minor,  Solomon  Carrington 658  East  165th  St.,  " 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1893 

Morris,  Robert  Tuttle 616  Madison  Ave., 

4th  Surgical,  June  1,  1884 

Morrow,  Albert  Sidney 219  West  70th  St., 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1903 

N 

Nagle,  James  Franklin 68  West  55th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1905 

Niles,  Walter  Lindsay 55  East  76th  St.,  " 

2nd  Medical,  July  1,  1904 

Norris,  Henry  Selden 10  West  49th  St., 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1877 

Nutt,  John  Joseph 2020  Broadway, 

1st  Surgical,  December  1,  1899 

O 

Oberndorf,  C.  P 249  West  74th  St.,  New  York 

P 

Pappenheimer,  Alwin  Max 309  West  99th  St.,  New  York 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1905 

Parker,  Ransom  Joseph 155  Lexington  Ave., 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1895 

Pearson,  Henry 719  Fifth  Ave., 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1905 

Pelton,  Henry  Hubbard 345  West  85th  St., 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1901 

Peters,  John  Dodge 126  East  64th  St., 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1907 

Phillips,  Bruce  Gretton 206  West  86th  St., 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1901 

Pilcher,  James  Taft 145  Gates  Ave.,  Brooklyn 

4th  Medical,  1909 


^Umbers;  95 


Polk,  William  Mecklenburg 7  East  36th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1870 

Porter,  William  Evelyn 149  West  73rd  St. , 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1890 

Potter,  James  Harry 520  West  143rd  St., 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1902 

Pulley,  William  Joseph 945  Madison  Ave., 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1892 

Q 

Quimby,  Charles  Eiihu 278  West  86th  St.,  New  York 

2nd  Surgical,  October  1,  1879 

R 

Ray,  Edgar  T 351  West  145th  St.,  New  York 

4th  Surgical,  July  1st,  1908 

Rice,  Frederick  Walter 185  East  71st  St., 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1909 

Richards,  John  Harold 34  West  83rd  St., 

4th  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1906 

Rimer,  Edward  Sherrard 

91  Bard  Ave.,  West  New  Brighton,  S.  I., 
3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1906 

Roberts,  Dudley  D 84  Remsen  St.,  Brooklyn 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1900 

Rogers,  Lester  Brooks 200  West  58th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1907 

Rosenbloom,  Augustus  Abraham.. 214  West  92nd  St., 
2nd  Medical,  January  1,  1905 

Russell,  Eugene  F 560  West  161st  St, 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1st,  1911 

S 

Sayre,  Reginald  Hall 9  East  45th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1883 

Schneider,  Louis  Herman  Augustus.  .349  W.  22nd  St., 
1st  Medical,  January  1,  1891 
3rd  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1910 


96  Jflemfcersi 


Seabrook,  Henry  Hartshorne 118  East  72nd  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1883 

Searing,  Benjamin  Hoff 167  West  81st  St., 

2nd  Medical,  July  1,  1905 

Schmitt,  Alexander  Hunter 1089  Madison  Ave.,  " 

3rd  Gynaecological,  January  1st,  1910 

Sellenings,  Albert  Eugene 104  East  31st  St.,  " 

4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1902 

Shearer,  Leander  Howard 449  Park  Ave.,  " 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1903 

Silver,  Henry  Mann 5  East  43rd  St., 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1876 

Silver,  Lewis  Mann 103  West  72nd  St., 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1887 

Slade,  Charles  Blount 245  West  74th  St, 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1899 

Slattery,  George 523  West  112th  St. 

3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1911 

Smith,  Abram  Alexander 18  West  51st  St., 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1872 

Smith,  Leroy  James 127  West  69th  St., 

1st  Medical,  June  30,  1905 

Smith,  Thomas  Allison 57  West  75th  St, 

4th  Surgical,  May  1,  1907 

Spetnagel,  John  Madeira 460  East  138th  St, 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1903 

Stearns,  Henry  S 45  West  58th  St, 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1885 

Steele,  Harold  J 282  Alexander  Ave., 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1910 

Stern,  Abram  Richard 44  West  87th  St., 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1901 

Steurer,  John  Adam 78  West  47th  St, 

1st  Medical,  October  1,  1874 

Stewart,  George  David 61  West  50th  St., 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1890 


Jflemberg  97 


Stillman,  Charles  Kirkland 128  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1907 

Stilwell,  John  Edwin 9  West  49th  St., 

2nd  Surgical,  April  1,  1877 

Stokes,  Horace  Sheldon 14  East  58th  St, 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1895 

Stone,  William  Fletcher 401  West  End  Ave., 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1891 

Strong,  Cyrus  John 11  East  48th  St., 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1893 

Studdiford,  William  Emery 124  East  36th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1893 

Sturtevant,  Mills 776  Madison  Ave., 

1st  Medical,  July  1st,  1909 

Swift,  George  Montague 20  West  55th  St., 

4th  Medical,  April  1,  1881 

Symonds,  Brandeth,  Mutual  Life  Bldg.,  32  Nassau  St., 
4th  Medical,  1886 

Syms,  Parker 540  Park  Ave., 

2nd  Surgical,  April  30,  1883 


Terriberry,  William  Stoutenborough . .  57  W.  75th  St.,  New  York 
4th  Surgical,  December  1,  1897 

Thacher,  Henry  Clarke 20  West  50th  St., 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1908 

Thacher,  John  Seymour 20  West  50th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1883 

Townsend,  Wisner  Robinson 125  West  58th  St., 

2nd  Surgical,  October  1,  1881 

Tryon,  Sidney  Burnett 104  East  31st  St, 

3rd  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1910 

U 

Urquhart,  H.  D 104  West  45th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1907 


98  Jfflemfcers 


v 

Vanderpoel,  Waldron  Burritt 37  West  76th  St.,  New  York 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1881 

Van  Loan,  James  Casper  Plimpton.  .351  West  46th  St., 
2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1893 

W 

Walker,  Henry  Freeman 18  West  55th  St.,  New  York 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1867 

Warren,  John 616  Madison  Ave., 

1st  Medical,  September  1,  1882 

Waterman,  James  Sears 676  St.  Mark's  Ave.,  Brooklyn 

1st  Medical,  April  1,  1891 

Whitney,  Chester  F.  S 256  West  97th  St.,  New  York 

3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1901 

Williams,  Percy  Herbert 249  West  72nd  St., 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1904 

Williamson,  Harvey  C 449  Park  Ave., 

3rd  Medical,  January  1st,  1911 

Wilson,  Robert  Justice 549  Riverside  Drive, 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1892 

Winters,  Joseph  Edeil 25  West  37th  St., 

2nd  Medical,  October,  1875 

Woodridge,  James  Clements , Address  unknown 

4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1909 

Woodruff,  Jr.,  Isaac  Ogden 152  West  78th  St.,  New  York 

1st  Medical,  July  1,  1906 

Woodward,  Julius  Hayden 200  West  58th  St,  " 

2nd  Surgical,  June  1,  1884 

Wyckoff,  James  Henry,  Jr 60  West  58th  St., 

3rd  Medical,  1910 

Wylie,  Robert  Hawthorne 72  West  52nd  St., 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1886 

Wylie,  Walker  Gill 28  West  40th  St., 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1872 

Z 

Zerega  di  Zerega,  Louis  Augustus.  .616  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 
2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1891 


illembers;  99 


NON=RESIDENT  ACTIVE  MEMBERS 

Aikman,  John 37  Field  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Medical,  July  1,  1910 

Backhom,  Henry  Charles 182  Hunterdon  St.,  Newark,  N.J. 

4th  Gynaecological,  July  1st,  1909 

Baker,  Davis 259  State  St.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1st,  1912 

Banks,  Clarence  W 298  Main  St.,  East  Orange,  N.J. 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1st,  1891 

Beets,  Harrison 11  West  Radford  St.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1st,  1912 

Benedict,  Albert  Newell 95  N.  Broadway,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1907 

Betts,  Harrison 11  West  Radford  St.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1st,  1912 

Beveridge,  William  W 1000  Grand  Ave.,  Asbury  Park,  N.J. 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1903 

Bowman.  J.  Floyd 40  Union  Ave.,  Irvington,  N.J. 

4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1907 

Bradley,  John  Ruskin Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas 

2nd   Surgical,  January  1,   1910 

Brodie,  Robert  Little 114  Rutledge  Ave.,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Medical,  January  1,  1853 

Brooks,  Paul  Bellame Norwich,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1905 

Bryan,  Robert  Coalter Richmond,  Va 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1902 

Bunker,  Charles  W.  O U.  S.  N.,  Washington,  D.  C 

4th  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1907 

Carter,  Charles  Edgerton, 

703  Boston  Bldg.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

2nd  Medical,  July  1,  1901 
Chandler,  William  Jessup South  Orange,  N.  J. 

2nd  Medical,  April  1,  1869 
Cheesman,  Timothy  Matlock Garrison-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Surgical,  September  1,  1879 

Christian,  Frank  Lamar State  Reformatory,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1901 


ioo  ffltmbtv& 


Coleman,  Robert  Milligan. .  .208  Trust  Building,  Lexington,  Ky. 
4th  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1905 

Cooke,  Almon  Haven 411  Ashland  Ave.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1894 

Coombs,  George  H Waldoboro,  Me. 

1st  Surgical,  April  1,  1888 

Corwin,  Fred  Miller < .  .696  Ave.  C,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1882 

Cuddeback,  Edgar  Gordon 48  Sussex  St.,  Port  Jarvis,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1st,  1908 

Danforth,  Edward Bainbridge,  N.  Y. 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1905 

Denton,  John  Fletcher 403  Century  Building,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

3rd  Gynaecological,  January  1st,  1906 

DeWolf,  Harold The  Glen  Springs,  Watkins  Glen,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Medical,  July  1st,  1910 

Emory,  George  Bache 31  Lincoln  Park,  Newark,  N.  J. 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1907 

Enders,  Thomas  Burnham Moank,  Conn. 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1893 

Erler,  Eugene  William 119  North  5th  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

4th  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1909 

Flanders,  Alton  Leroy 1996  Columbus  Ave.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1st  Surgical,  November  1,  1895 

Fort,  Jay  Irving 137  Roseville  Ave.,  Newark,  N.J. 

4th  Surgical,  June  1,  1910 

Garner,   Clarence  Howard Providence,   R.  L 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1886 

Gesler,  George  Merril 28  Draper  Place,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1909 

Getty,  Samuel  E 87  N.  Broadway,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

1st  Surgical,  October  1,  1894 

Gibson,  Walter  Campbell 258  Genessee  St.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Medical,  1893 

Goodman,  A.  Rotild,  Esq.  .Prubla  Y,  Cetdoba,  No.  108,  Mex.  City 
2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1897 


iflemberg  101 


Gorgas,  William  Crawford 

Brig. -Gen.,  Sur.-Gen.,  Med.   Dept.,  U.  S.  A. 
Ancon,  Canal  Zone,  Panama 
2nd  Surgical,  April  1,  1880 

Gorton,  James  Treat 181  Park  Ave.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1903 

Graefe,  Henry,  Jr Sandusky,  Ohio 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1911 

Griffith,  Jefferson  Davis Rialto  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1873 

Gwathney,  Lomax Norfolk,  Va. 

4th  Medical,  April  1,  1892 

Hackett,  James  Hugh 1133  Wells  Bldg.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1st  Surgical,  July  1,  1896 

Hagerty,  John  Francis 297  Central  Ave.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1st  Surgical,  April  1,  1894 

Hardenbergh,  Daniel  Bailey 7  Orchard  St.,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 

4th  Medical,  April  1,  1893 

Howell,  John  T 205  Grand  St.,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  December  1,  1886 

Hoyt,  Alpheus  Whiting.. 313  Hugenot  St,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 
1st  Surgical,  December  1,  1897 

Hyde,  Oliver  Thomson Silver  City,  New  Mexico 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1903 

Jackson,   Charles  Warren Watertown,   Conn. 

1st  Surgical,  April  1,  1889 

Jones,  Herbert 146  South  James  St.,  Hamilton,  Ont,  Canada 

4th  Medical,  July  1st,  1911 

Keefe,  John  W 259  Benefit  St,  Providence,  R.  I. 

1st  Surgical,  April  1,  1886 

Kempf,  Frederick  M 250  Genessee  St.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Medical,  1908 

Kinnaird,  Thomas  Hayes 34  North  Upper  St.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1883 

Knight,  Charles  Asher 1028  Main  St,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1892 

Lange,  Louis  Charles 289  Summit  Ave.,  West  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

3d  Surgical,  July  1,  1910 


io2  Mtmbtvft 


Love,  Alfred  Wanzer 221  Broad  St.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1903 

Lowthian,  Walter  Edw.,  47  Mamaroneck  Ave.,  White  Plains,  N.Y. 
2nd  Medical,  July  1,  1909 

Mabey,  J.  Corwin,  Claremont  &  Midland  Aves.,  Montclair,  N.  J. 
4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1907 

Magill,  William  Henry 118  Broad  St.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1905 

Magnin,  Ami  Jacque 121  Boulevard  Haussman,  Paris,  France 

2nd  Surgical,  October  1,  1882 

McLaren,  William  Stevenson Princeton,  N.  J. 

4th  Medical,  April  1,  1891 

McNabb,  Duncan  Stewart Calgary,  Alberta,  Canada 

3d  Medical,  July  1,  1909 

McSweeny,  Edward  Shearman Dongan  Hills,  S.  I.,  N.  Y. 

4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1900 

Miller,  Frederick  Mason 143  Court  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

1st  Surgical,  June  1,  1898 

Mitchell,  Lucian  Bayard i Tampa,  Florida 

3rd  Gynsecological,  July  1,  1908 

Mullins,  Samuel  Frederick 17  West  St.,  Danbury,  Conn. 

3rd  Gynaecological,  July  1,  1909 

Nelden,  Harry  Holcombe Stanhope,  N.  J. 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1893 

Newman,  Leander  Allison.  .Port  Washington,  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1910 

Olds,  Frank  Williams Box  237,  Williamstown,  Mass. 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1882 

Owsley,  Harry  F 42  Market  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  January  1,  1899 

Peck,  Morton  Roberts . .  P.  O.  Box  40,  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 
4th  Surgical,  October  1st,  1890 

Phillips,   Daniel   Russell Leavenworth,   Kan. 

4th  Surgical,  April  1,  1889 

Pierce,  Charles  Edwin Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1899 

Pilgrim,  Charles  Winfield 

Med.  Supt   State  H.  R.  Hosp.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
2nd  Medical,  April  1,  1882 


jHembers  io- 


Pinkerton,  Samuel  H Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

3d  Surgical,  1885 

Pomeroy,  Nelson  A 76  Centre  St.,  Waterbury,  Conn 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1899 

Pooley,  Jr.,  Thomas  Reckett Newtown,  N.  J. 

2nd  Medical,  January  1,  1910 

Preston,  Albert  W 3  Orchard  St.,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 

4th  Surgical,  July  1,  1898 

Probasco,  Norman  H 621  Park  Ave.,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1900 

Reed,  Jr.,  James  Erwin 702  Union  St.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Gynaecological,  January  1,  1909 

Richards,  Ralph  Taylor 

1111-17  Walker  Bank  Bldg.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
4th  Surgical,  January  1,  1906 

Robertson,  William  D 240  S.  5th  Ave.,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

3rd  Surgical,  January  1,  1900 

Satchwell,  Henry  H 99  Frederick  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

3rd  Medical,  January  1,  1906 

Scott,  John  William 164  Market  St.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1898 

Shaw,  William  Connor 909  Wylie  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

2nd  Surgical,  October  1,  1874 

Sherman,  Harry  Mitchell. .  .2125  Jackson  St.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
3rd  Surgical,  October  1,  1881 

Sherwood,  Marcel  Wesley Temple,  Texas 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1st,  1908 

Simmons,  Albert,  Van  der  Veer.  .30  Headly  Ter.,  Irvington,  N.  J. 
3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1909 

Stone,  William  Metcalf 63  Jamaica  St.,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

4th  Medical,  January  1,  1900 

Teeter,  Charles  E 418  Orange  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1895 

Teeter,  John  Nelson Englewood,  N.  J. 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1894 

Thomsen,  George  William Montego  Bay,  Jamaica,  West  Indies 

3rd  Medical,  October,  1903 


io4  jHemberg 


Towlerton,  Charles  H 64  William  St,  Lyons,  N    Y. 

2nd  Medical,  October  1,  1891 

Townsend,  Charles  Emerson 231  Liberty  St.,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 

4th  Medical,  October  1,  1893 

Train,  John  K 3  Park  Ave.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1st  Surgical,  January  1,  1903 

Tweddell,  Francis 15  Norwood  Ave.,  Summit,  N.  J. 

1st  Medical,  January  1,  1909 

Vandermoff,  Irving  Masten 59  S.  10th  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

3rd  Surgical,  July  1,  1907 

Vose,  Royden  Manderville 116  E.  Seneca  St.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1904 

Waring,  Thomas  Pinckney 10  Taylor  St.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1st  Medical,  June  1,  1894 

Warr,  Otis  Sumter 930  Exchange  Bldg.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

4th  Medical,  July  1,  1910 

Wheeler,  David  E 519  Franklin  Ave.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

2nd  Surgical,  July  1,  1900 

Williams,  David  Hill Knoxville,  Tenn. 

3rd  Medical,  October  1,  1889 

Williams,  Horace  Newell 196  Broadway,  Providence,  R.  I. 

3rd  Surgical,  April  1,  1884 

Wood,  Walter  Childs New  Canaan,  Conn. 

2nd  Surgical,  October,  1890 

Wynkoop,  Jr.,  Henry  John Bath,  N.  Y. 

1st  Surgical,  June  1,  1900 

Young,  Charles 23  East  Kinney  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

3rd  Medical,  April  1,  1868 

Zehnder,  Anthony  Charles 180  Fairmont  Ave.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

2nd  Surgical,  July,  1909 


EMERITUS  MEMBERS 

Gouley,  John  William  Severin. .  .1125  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 
1st  Medical,  April  1st,  1854 

Gwyer,  Fred  Walker Lincoln  Hospital,  " 

1st  Surgical,  April  1st,  1885 


Jflemberg  105 


PERMANENT  ASSOCIATE  MEMBERS 

Bandler,  Clarence  Garfield 241  West  102d  St.,  New  York 

Bissell,  Joseph  Biddleman 46  West  55th  St, 

Branan,  John  W 11  West  12th  St., 

Cossitt,  Harry  Austin 146  West  70th  St., 

Fisher,  Edward  D 19  West  52nd  St., 

Fitch,  Allen 38  West  56th  St., 

Hartwell,  John  A 27  East  63rd  St., 

Hoag,  Ward  Bryant 126  West  81st  St, 

Jackson,  Frank  W 555  Madison  Ave., 

Jennings,  Walter  Barry 140  Wadsworth  Ave., 

Koles,  Henry  Mark 44  West  92nd  St., 

Lockwood,  George  Roe 18  East  52nd  St., 

Nammack,  Charles  E 42  East  29th  St., 

Packer,  Flavius West  Hill,  Riverdale, 

Robertson,  Frank  W 411  West  End  Ave., 

Thompson,  W.  Gilman 34  East  31st  St, 

Walker,  John  Baldwin 50  East  34th  St., 

Wildman,  H.  Valentine 108  West  94th  St., 

Woolsey,  George 117  East  36th  St., 

Terriberry,  William  Kenney 129  West  47th  St., 

NON-RESIDENT  PERMANENT  ASSOCIATE 
MEMBERS 

Potts,  George  Walter 903  Grand  Ave.,  Asbury  Park,  N.  J. 

Von  Wedel,  Curt  Otto,  Jr. 514  Colored  Bldg.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okl 

HONORARY   MEMBERS 

Councilman,  William  T.,  Harvard  Medical  School,  Boston,  Mass. 

Mayo,  William  J Rochester,  Minn 

Osier,  Sir  William Oxford  University,  England 


io6 


gs&oriate  Jflemfcertf 


1st  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 
2nd  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 
3rd  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 
4th  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 

1st    Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 
2nd  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 
3rd  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 
4th  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 

1st    Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 
2nd  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 
3rd  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 
4th  Division. 

Medical, 

Surgical, 

Gynaecological, 


July  1,  1913  to  January  1,  1914 


House,  H.  Halstead 
House,  W.  H.  Hawkins 

House,  E.  Stillman 
House,  E.  Boehm 
House,  E.  W.   Phillips 

House,  J.  T.  Shea 
House,  A.  Lauer 
House,  H.I.  Cook 


Senior,  R.  A.  Jamison 
Senior,  A.  B.  Le  Mesurier 

Senior,  T.  F.  Mead 
Senior,  J.  E.  Ray 
Senior,  G.  C.  Payne 

Senior,  C.  J.  Tyson 
Senior,  H.  C.  Russell 
Senior,  B.  P.  Willis 


House,  A.  Krida  Senior,  J.  W.  Bruce 

House,  J.  L.  Waterman       Senior,  T.  F.  Cahill 
House,  F.  R.  De  Jesus        Senior,  J.  T.  Donovan 
January  1st,  1914  To  July  1st,  1914 

House,  R.  A.  Jamieson        Senior,  C.  H.  Nammack 
House,  A.   B.  LeMesurier  Senior,  S.  B.  Rosenzweig 


House,  T.  F.  Mead 
House,  J.   E.   Ray 
House,  D.  N.  Barrows 

House,  C.  J.  Tyson 
House,  H.   C.  Russell 
House,  B.  P.  Willis 


Senior,  G.  C.  Payne 
Senior,  O.   S.  Lowsley 
Senior,  B.  F.  Weems,  Jr. 

Senior,  T.   R.  Knowles 
Senior,  R.  A.  Schaff 
Senior,  M.  M.  Gardner 

Senior,  C.  R.  Comstock 


House,  J.  W.  Bruce 
House,  G.   F.   Cahill 
House,  J.  T.  Donovan         Senior,  W.  R.  Frantz 
July  1st,  1914  to  January  1st,  1915 

House,  C.  H.  Nammack       Senior,  C.  E.  Carr 
House,  S.  B.  Rosenzweig   Senior,  H.  W.  Wellington 


House,  G.  C.  Payne 
House,  O.  S.  Lowsley 
House,  R.  T.  Reed 

House,  T.  R.  Knowles 
House,  R.  A.  Schaff 
House,  M.  M.  Gardner 

House,  C.  R.  Comstock 
House,  G.  F.  Cahill 
House,  W.  R.  Frantz 


Senior,  B.  F.  Weems,  Jr. 
Senior,  N.  H.  Williams 
Senior,  F.  C.  Wagenhals 

Senior,  J.  W.  Leist 
Senior,  R.  S.  Topping 
Senior,  M.  L.  Morris 

Senior,  G.  Thorburn 
Senior,  L.  S.  C.  Hayes 
Senior,  C.  Faulkner 


^tattettc*  107 


Resident  Active  Members 200 

Non-Resident  Active  Members 116 

Emeritus  Members 2 

Permanent  Associate  Members 20 

Non-Resident  Permanent  Associate  Members 2 

Honorary   Members 3 

Associate    Members 65 

Total  408 


io8  (Officers 


OFFICERS 

Presidents 

Henry  Herman   1886-1887 

Hermann  M.  Biggs 1887-1889 

Richard  Kalish   1889-1890 

^Charles  Phelps 1890-1891 

Egbert  Le  Fevre 1891-1892 

Wisner  R  Townsend  , 1892-1893 

*Frederick  H.  Wiggin 1893-1894 

Charles  C.  Barrows  1894-1895 

Parker  Syms    ,. . .  .1895-1896 

Lucius  W.  Hotchkiss  1896-1897 

Robert  J.  Carlisle 1897-1898 

*Samuel   Alexander 1898-1899 

Charles  E.  Quimby 1899-1900 

Nathan  E.  Brill  < 1900-1901 

Alexander  Lambert   ,. . .  .1901-1902 

Robert  T.  Morris  , 1902-1903 

John  F.  Erdmann  1903-1904 

William  J.  Chandler 1904-1905 

George  B.  Hope 1905-1907 

Henry  S.  Stearns   1907-1908 

Julius  H.  Woodward 1908-1909 

Reginald  H.  Sayre  1909-1910 

Floyd  M.  Crandall  1910-1911 

H.    Seymour   Houghton 1911-1912 

Henry  Mann  Silver 1913- 

*Deceased. 


Officers  109 


Vice-Presidents 

Alexander  B.   Pope   1886-1887 

Le  Roy  W.  Hubbard  1887-1889 

Parker  Syms    < 1889-1890 

Fred.  W.  Gwyer  1890-1891 

Wisner  R.  Townsend  1891-1892 

♦Frederick  H.   Wiggin 1892-1893 

Charles  C.  Barrows  1893-1894 

Parker  Syms    1894-1895 

Lucius  W.  Hotchkiss  1895-1896 

Robert  J.  Carlisle  „ 1896-1897 

*Samuel    Alexander 1897-1898 

Charles  E.  Qiumby   , 1898-1899 

Nathan  E.  Brill  1899-1900 

Alexander  Lambert 1900-1901 

Robert  T.  Morris  1901-1902 

John  F.  Erdmann  1902-1903 

William  J.  Chandler 1903-1904 

George  B.  Hope  1904-1905 

Horace  S.    Stokes 1905-1906 

William  S.  Terriberry   1906-1907 

Julius  H.  Woodward   1907-1908 

John  A.  Steurer  1908-1909 

Floyd  M.  Crandall  , 1909-1910 

H.  Seymour  Houghton  1910-1911 

J.  Clifton  Edgar 1911-1912 

George  David  Stewart ,. . . .  1913- 

*Deceased. 


no  Officers; 


Secretaries 

Fred.  W.  Gwyer  ,..1886-1888 

William  N:  Hubbard  1888-1895 

George  D.  Hamlin 1895-1897 

Louis  A.  Zerega  di  Zerega 1897-1901 

William  S.  Terriberry 1901-1906 

Edward  S.  McSweeny  Resigned  Dec.  5,  1906 

William  W.  Carter Elected  Dec.  5,  1906-1907 

John  J.  Nutt   1907-1911 

Claude  Augustine   Frink 1911-1912 

Hugh  B.  Blackwell 1913- 

Treasurers 

Robert  J.  Carlisle  1886-1895 

Floyd  M.  Crandall  1895-1903 

Horace  S.  Stokes , 1903-1905 

Haven  Emerson   , 1905-1910 

Robert  J.  Wilson 1910-1913 

Historian 
Robt.  J.  Carlisle 


Jfounfcers; 


in 


FOUNDERS 


1  HENRY  HERMAN 
3  REGINALD  H.  SAYRE 
5  GARRY  de  N.  HOUGH 
7  LEROY  W.  HUBBARD 
9  FRED.  W.  GWYER 


2  FLOYD  M.  CRANDALL 
4  EGBERT  LeFEVRE 
6  LUCIUS  W.  HOTCHKISS 
8  T.  W.  CLEAVELAND 
10  ROBERT  J.  CARLISLE 


11  SAMUEL  H.  PINKERTON  12  HERMANN  M.  BIGGS 
13  NATHAN  JARVIS  14  CHARLES  F.  STOKES 

15  CONDICT  W.  CUTLER       16  ROBERT  H.  WYLIE 
17  JOHN  R.  CONWAY  18  WILLIS  W.  FRENCH 

19  ALEXANDER  B.  POPE 


Press  of 


Edgar  Printing  and  Stationery  Co., 
68  West  39th  St.,  N.  Y. 


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